Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BDS1 > Oral environment 1 > Flashcards

Oral environment 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Components of oral fluid

A

saliva, gingival crevicular fluid, oral bacteria, food debris, epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2 overall functions of oral fluid

A

protection and digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Examples of the protective function of oral fluids

A

buffering, antimicrobial, remineralisation, cleansing, mucosal protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Examples of the digestive function of oral fluids

A

taste, digestive enzymes, bolus lubrication for mastication and deglutination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a prominent symptom for patients with salivary gland disease?

A

xerostomia (dry mouth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Effects of reduced salivary flow

A

increased incidence of caries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which tooth surfaces are most at risk of caries due to reduced salivary flow?

A

Buccal and labial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of glands are salivary glands?

A

Exocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Structure of salivary glands

A

compound, tubulo-acinar glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the major (paired) salivary glands

A

parotid, submandibular, sublingual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where are the minor salivary glands located?

A

Buccal, labial, lingual, palatal (cheeks, lips, tongue, palate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which histological layer are minor salivary glands found in?

A

(glandular tissue found in) lamina propria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Names of different ducts found in salivary glands

A

Intercalated ducts emerge from the acini and join to into the striated duct. Striated ducts from multiple bundles of acini join into the single collecting duct.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Microscopic appearance of serous acini

A

Stain pink with H+E, rounded nuclei which are more centrally located in each cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Microscopic appearance of mucous acini

A

foamy cytoplasm, flattened, peripherally-located nuclei (full of vesicles containing mucin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Microscopic appearance of mixed acini

A

mucous and serous acini can be seen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Type of secretion from parotid gland

A

serous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

type of secretion from submandibular gland

A

seromucous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Type of secretion from sublingual gland

A

mucous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Type of secretions from minor salivary glands

A

Buccal, labial, palatal minor salivary glands all have mucous secretions. Lingual salivary glands secrete serous and mucous secretions (but the acini are not mixed)

21
Q

Name of fluid lining the gingival sulcus/crevice

A

Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)

22
Q

What will cause an increase in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)?

A

Inflammation (e.g. gingivitis) - GCF is probably an inflammatory exudate

23
Q

Name of the epithelium in the gingival sulcus/crevice

A

sulcular/crevicular epithelium

24
Q

Name of the epithelium that attaches to the tooth

A

junctional epithelium

25
Q

What is the rate of salivary flow when sleeping?

A

0.03 ml/min

26
Q

What is the salivary flow rate when resting but awake?

A

0.3 ml/min

27
Q

What is the salivary flow rate when eating?

A

3.0 ml/min

28
Q

Average total salivary flow

A

620 ml

29
Q

% contributions of the salivary glands when asleep

A

submandibular 70%
sublingual 15%
Minor glands 15%
parotid 0%

30
Q

% contributions of salivary glands when awake but resting

A

submandibular 72%
parotid 20%
sublingual 4%
minor glands 4%

31
Q

% contributions of salivary glands when stimulated (eating)

A

Parotid 50%
Submandibular 40%
Minor glands 8%
Sublingual 2%

32
Q

Factors that affect unstimulated salivary flow rate

A

hydration, previous stimulation, circannual rhythms (seasons), medications, salivary gland disease

33
Q

Composition of saliva

A

inorganic - water (99.5%) and ions (0.2%)
organic - proteins (0.3%), very little carbohydrate or lipid

34
Q

As salivary flow rate increases, how does the composition of ions change in saliva?

A

Na+, Cl- and HCO3- concentrations increase, K+ concentration decreases

35
Q

Why do Na+ and Cl- concentrations in saliva increase as flow rate increases?

A

Na+ and Cl- are the driving forces for salivary secretion (water follows by osmosis)

36
Q

Significance of increased HCO3- concentration at higher flow rates

A

HCO3- is an effective buffer of plaque acids around pH 7 (important when eating)

37
Q

Which ions are present in saliva?

A

Fluoride, calcium, phosphate, thiocyanate, bicarbonate, (sodium, chloride, potassium)

38
Q

Function of fluoride in saliva

A

Forms fluorapatite, antibacterial (acts on H pump), promotes remineralisation

39
Q

Function of calcium and phosphate ions in saliva

A

remineralisation (also phosphate is a buffer)

40
Q

Function of thiocyanate (SCN) in saliva

A

antibacterial

41
Q

function of bicarbonate and phosphate in saliva

A

buffer

42
Q

List of salivary buffers

A

bicarbonate, phosphates, proteins, bacterial NH3

43
Q

When is bicarbonate most effective as a buffer?

A

At high salivary flow rates when HCO3- concentration is greatest

44
Q

When are phosphates most effective at buffering?

A

At rest, near pH 7

45
Q

When are proteins most effective at buffering?

A

Limited due to main buffering occurring at pH<5

46
Q

How is NH3 produced?

A

By bacteria: urea -> CO2 + NH3 catalysed by urease

47
Q

How is saliva secreted?

A

Na+ is able to move by facilitated diffusion from the blood into the intercalated duct via acini cells. Cl- moves into the acini cells via Cl-/K+ pump. ACh causes depolarisation of the acini cells which triggers the release of Ca2+. Ca2+ bind to Cl- receptors opening them so Cl- can diffuse into the duct. Water follows Na+ and Cl- into the duct lumen.

48
Q

Equation for phosphate buffer

A

H2PO4 - <-> H+ + HPO4 2-

49
Q

How does NH3 act as a buffer?

A

NH3 + H+ -> NH4+

BDS1 (50 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions