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BDS1 > Clinical anatomy of the face > Flashcards

Clinical anatomy of the face Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the skeleton of the head?

A

cranium

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2
Q

What are the 2 parts of the cranium?

A

Neurocranium and viscerocranium

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3
Q

What is the neurocranium?

A

bony covering of the brain and meninges

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4
Q

What disease causes inflammation of the meninges?

A

meningitis

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5
Q

What is the name of the roof of the neurocranium?

A

Calvaria

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6
Q

What is the name of the floor of the neurocranium?

A

cranial base

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7
Q

How many bones make up the neurocranium?

A

8 bones - frontal, parietal (2), temporal (2), occipital, ethmoid, sphenoid

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8
Q

What is the viscerocranium?

A

facial skeleton

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9
Q

How many bones make up the viscerocranium?

A

14 bones

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10
Q

Which cranial bones are pneumatised?

A

temporal, frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, maxillary bones

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11
Q

What does it mean if a bone is pneumatised?

A

it contains air within the bone

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12
Q

Which bones are pneumatised in the form of containing paranasal sinuses?

A

frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid and maxillary bones

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13
Q

How are the temporal bones pneumatised?

A

contain mastoid air cells

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14
Q

Where is the mastoid process located?

A

posterior to ear

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15
Q

Which bones forms the crash-impact barrier of the face?

A

zygomatic bone

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16
Q

What are the names of the cranial sutures?

A

coronal (between frontal and parietal), sagittal (between parietal), lambdoid suture (between occipital and parietal)

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17
Q

What is the name of the thin projection of bone that is part of the temporal bone?

A

styloid process

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18
Q

Function of styloid process

A

anchoring site for muscles and ligaments

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19
Q

What is the thinnest bone of the viscerocranium?

A

lacrimal bone

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20
Q

What is the name of the ear canal?

A

external auditory meatus

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21
Q

What is the weakest point of the cranium?

A

pterion

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22
Q

Why is the pterion the weakest point of the cranium?

A

because it is where the frontal, sphenoid, temporal and parietal bones all meet

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23
Q

Why can trauma to the pterion be dangerous?

A

can cause the rupture of middle meningeal artery (and vein) which leads to an extra-dural haemorrhage

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24
Q

What is the name of the delay in symptoms during an extra-dural haemorrhage?

A

lucid interval

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25
Q

Why is there a lucid interval after an extra-dural haemorrhage?

A

takes time for blood to gather and cause the dura to separate from the skull

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26
Q

What percentage of non-verbal communication is provided by facial expression?

A

80-90%

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27
Q

What are the boundaries for the anterior aspect of the head?

A

from forehead to chin and from ear to ear

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28
Q

What does the the structure of our face depend on?

A

the underlying skeleton (viscerocranium)

29
Q

The growth of the facial skeleton takes longer than the development of what features?

A

orbit, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, teeth

30
Q

What is the importance of dividing the neck into triangles/regions?

A

for identifying lumps and bumps, and understanding where cancer may have spread (e.g. oral squamous cell carcinoma can spread to neck)

31
Q

How may the number of lymph nodes and the distance cancer has spread affect the prognosis?

A

the more lymph nodes affected and the further the spread indicates a worse prognosis

32
Q

What is the name of the area between the eyebrows and superior to the nose?

A

glabella

33
Q

What is the name of the brow ridge (raised bone above superior margin of orbit)?

A

supraciliary arch

34
Q

What is the name of the groove located superior to the upper eyelid and inferior to supraciliary arch?

A

suprapalpebral sulcus

35
Q

Name of skin fold of the upper eyelid that covers the inner corner of the eye

A

epicanthal fold

36
Q

Name of the groove located inferior to lower eyelid

A

infrapalpebral sulcus

37
Q

Name of the region between the root and apex of the nose

A

dorsum of nose

38
Q

Name of the lower lateral margin of the external nose (wing of nose)

A

ala of nose

39
Q

Name of the rounded tip of the nose

A

apex of nose

40
Q

Name of nostrils

A

nares

41
Q

Name of the part of the nasal cavity that divides the left and right nares

A

nasal septum

42
Q

Name of the central vertical groove between the nose and upper lip

A

philtrum

43
Q

Name of the groove that extends from the corners of the nose to the corners of the mouth

A

nasolabial sulcus

44
Q

Name of the protuberance at the centre of upper lip

A

tubercle of upper lip

45
Q

Name of the opening of the mouth

A

oral fissure

46
Q

Name of the corners of the mouth

A

labial commissure

47
Q

Name of the line around the lips where labial mucosa transitions into skin

A

vermillion border

48
Q

Name of the indentation that separates the lower lip from the chin

A

mentolabial sulcus

49
Q

Name of the projection of the anterior, central area of the mandible

A

mental protuberance

50
Q

How many spinal nerves exist?

A

31 pairs

51
Q

How many spinal nerves have their roots in each portion of the vertebral column?

A

8 from cervical, 12 from thoracic, 5 from lumbar, 5 from sacral, 1 from coccygeal

52
Q

How many cranial nerves exist?

A

12 pairs

53
Q

Where do cranial nerves arise from?

A

brain and brainstem

54
Q

What are the 12 cranial nerves?

A

olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal

55
Q

Function of olfactory nerve

A

sense of smell (sensation to nasal mucosa)

56
Q

Function of optic nerve

A

vision (sensation to retina)

57
Q

Function of oculomotor nerve

A

motor function to extraocular muscles

57
Q

Function of trochlear nerve

A

motor innervation to superior oblique (extraocular) muscle

57
Q

Function of trigeminal nerve

A

sensation to the face and anterior 2/3 of tongue. Motor innervation of muscles of mastication

58
Q

Which trigeminal branches supply sensory innervation to the face?

A

ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular

59
Q

Which branch of the trigeminal nerve provides motor innervation to the muscles of mastication?

A

mandibular

60
Q

Function of abducens nerve

A

motor innervation to lateral rectus muscle (extraocular)

61
Q

Function of the facial nerve

A

motor innervation to muscles of facial expression; taste (special sensory); salivary secretions from sublingual and submandibular glands (parasympathetic fibres); and sensation to ear, nasal cavity, soft palate and anterior 2/3 of tongue

62
Q

Function of vestibulocochlear nerve

A

hearing and balance (sensory nerve)

63
Q

Function of glossopharyngeal nerve

A

motor innervation of pharyngeal constrictors. Taste (sensory). sensation to posterior 1/3 of tongue and epiglottis

64
Q

Function of vagus nerve

A

Motor, sensory and parasympathetic innervation to thoracic an abdominal viscera (e.g. gut motility). Motor innervation to muscles of larynx and pharynx

65
Q

Function of accessory nerve

A

motor innervation to trapezius and sternocleidomastoid (2 neck muscles)

66
Q

Function of hypoglossal nerve

A

Motor function for most muscles of the tongue

BDS1 (71 decks)

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