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BDS1 > Epithelia > Flashcards

Epithelia Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 tissues types?

A

connective, muscle, epithelium, nervous

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2
Q

Where is epithelial tissue found?

A

Lining all body surfaces - epidermis, all internal tubes and cavities (digestive, cardiovascular, respiratory systems)

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3
Q

How are all epithelia arranged?

A

Continuous sheets of tightly bound cells.

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4
Q

Main functions of epithelial tissues

A

Barrier function - boundary between different environments, regulate movement of substances, protect against microbial invasion.

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5
Q

What is the name of the surface adjacent to the lumen/external surface?

A

Apical surface

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6
Q

What is the name of the surface adjacent to the interior surface?

A

Basal surface

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7
Q

Which surface of epithelial cells are adhered to each other?

A

Lateral surfaces

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8
Q

What feature of epithelial cells allows the unidirectional transport of molecules?

A

Epithelial cells are polarised

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9
Q

What is the importance of tight junctions between epithelial cells?

A

Creates an impermeable seal between adjacent cells which prevents water passage

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10
Q

What are the names of the junctions that anchor adjacent epithelial cells together? Allowing epithelial tissues to stretch and maintain contact

A

Desmosomes

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11
Q

Function of epithelial tissue in the skin and oral cavity

A

Physical protection from mechanical abrasion

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12
Q

Function of epithelial tissues in the lungs and blood capillaries

A

diffusion of gases, nutrients and waste between blood and surroundings

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13
Q

Function of epithelial tissues in the gastrointestinal tract / renal tubules

A

Absorption of nutrients

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14
Q

Function of epithelial tissues in glands and ducts

A

Secretion of sweat, mucus, enzymes, hormones

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15
Q

How are epithelial tissues classified?

A

3 ways - cell shape, number of cell layers, apical specialisation

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16
Q

What are the possible shapes of epithelial cells?

A

Squamous, cuboidal, columnar

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17
Q

Classification of epithelial tissues based on number of layers

A

simple, stratified, pseudostratified

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18
Q

How can epithelial tissue be pseudostratified?

A

When columnar cells are arranged in a single layer but appear to be stratified due to the varying location of the nuclei

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19
Q

What are the possible apical specialisations of epithelial tissue?

A

Microvilli, cilia, keratin

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20
Q

Function of microvilli

A

Increase apical SA for absorption

21
Q

Function of cilia

A

Movement of particulate matter

22
Q

Function of keratin

A

strong protective apical layer

23
Q

Function of simple squamous epithelia

A

lines surfaces involved in passive diffusion

24
Q

Location of simple squamous epithelia

A

Alveoli and endothelium (capillaries)

25
Q

Function of simple cuboidal epithelia

A

lines small ducts and tubules involved in secretion (glandular epithelium) or absorption

26
Q

Location of simple cuboidal epithelia

A

Renal tubules, small ducts of salivary glands

27
Q

Function of simple columnar epithelia

A

Lines absorptive surfaces

28
Q

Location of simple columnar epithelia

A

small intestine (epithelia has microvilli)

29
Q

Function of ciliated simple columnar epithelia

A

Ciliary action facilitates transport of ovum from ovary to uterus

30
Q

Location of ciliated simple columnar epithelia

A

female reproductive tract

31
Q

Function of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelia

A

ciliary action propels mucus containing trapped particles towards pharynx

32
Q

Location of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelia

A

Airways of respiratory system (respiratory epithelium)

33
Q

What cells are modified to form goblet cells?

A

Columnar epithelial cells

34
Q

Function of goblet cells

A

synthesise and secrete mucus

35
Q

Location of goblet cells

A

scattered throughout simple columnar epithelia in the respiratory and gastrointestinal system.

36
Q

Function of stratified cuboidal epithelia

A

secretory

37
Q

Location of stratified cuboidal epithelia

A

some secretory ducts and glands. rare

38
Q

function of stratified columnar epithelia

A

secretory and protective

39
Q

Location of stratified columnar epithelia

A

male urethra and lining some glands. rare

40
Q

Function of stratified squamous epithelia

A

protection from mechanical abrasion

41
Q

location of stratified squamous epithelia

A

oral cavity, epidermis

42
Q

How is stratified squamous epithelia formed

A

cells mature from continuously dividing cells in the basal layer and gradually migrate to the surface where they shed as anucleate squames

43
Q

what are the apical specialisations of stratified squamous epithelia

A

non-keratinised or keratinised

44
Q

Function of keratin

A

enhances resistance to physical stress

45
Q

How is keratin formed?

A

keratin filaments are accumulated by epithelial cells as they mature, which forms a tough, non-living surface layer

46
Q

Function of transitional epithelium

A

allows for stretch and expansion

47
Q

location of transitional epithelium

A

only in bladder

48
Q

How does oral squamous cell carcinoma occur?

A

Uncontrolled proliferation of dysplastic (abnormal) epithelial cells which destroy and invade adjacent tissues

BDS1 (24 decks)

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