Clinical development of the dentition Flashcards

1
Q

What are the stages of development?

A

newborn, deciduous dentition, mixed dentition, permanent dentition

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2
Q

What structures do newborns have in place of teeth?

A

Gum pads

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3
Q

What are the shapes of the gum pads in newborns?

A

Upper is rounded while the lower is U-shaped

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4
Q

What is the typical bite of a newborn?

A

Anterior open bite (skeletal class 2)

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5
Q

What do skeletal classes 1/2/3 describe?

A

The antero-posterior (AP) jaw relationship

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6
Q

What is a skeletal class 1?

A

the mandible is 2-3 mm posterior to the maxilla

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7
Q

What is skeletal class 2?

A

Mandible is retruded relative to the maxilla

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8
Q

What is skeletal class 3?

A

The mandible is protruded relative to the maxilla

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9
Q

What are natal teeth?

A

Teeth present at birth or erupt soon after that are unrelated to the deciduous dentition (separate series)

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10
Q

Example of one of the most serious dental developmental disorders?

A

cleft lip and palate (can be unilateral or bilateral cleft)

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11
Q

Signs that someone was born with a cleft lip and palate?

A

Scar in palate, narrow maxilla, rotated teeth, primary retained teeth, absence of maxillary lateral incisors

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12
Q

What time period does the deciduous dentition usually erupt withing?

A

6 months - 3 years

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13
Q

Do the upper or lower deciduous dentition erupt first?

A

Lowers erupt before uppers

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14
Q

In which order do the deciduous teeth erupt?

A

a (1), b (2), d (4), c (3), e (5) - first primary molar erupts before canine as canine has a longer path of eruption

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15
Q

When do the As / 1s / central incisors erupt?

A

6-7 months

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16
Q

When do the Bs / 2s / lateral incisors erupt?

A

7-8 months

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17
Q

When do the Cs / 3s / canines erupt?

A

18-20 months

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18
Q

When do the Ds / 4s / first molars erupt?

A

12-15 months

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19
Q

when do the Es / 5s / second molars erupt?

A

24-36 months

20
Q

Difference between deciduous and primary dentition

A

Deciduous incisors more upright/flatter than permanent incisors, deciduous dentition more spaced, deciduous dentition has softer enamel

21
Q

Why are deciduous teeth often worn towards the end?

A

Primary enamel is softer than secondary enamel. Therefore, with hypodontia, deciduous teeth won’t last in place of missing permanent teeth.

22
Q

Why is spacing in the deciduous dentition important?

A

To prevent crowding in permanent dentition

23
Q

Chance of crowding in permanent dentition if there is no spacing in deciduous dentition

A

66%

24
Q

Chance of crowding in permanent dentition if there is <3mm total space in deciduous dentition

A

50%

25
Q

Chance of crowding in permanent dentition if there is 3-6mm spacing in deciduous dentition

A

20%

26
Q

How much spacing in the deciduous dentition is preferrable to ensure no chance of crowding in permanent dentition?

A

> 6mm

27
Q

At what ages is there a mixed dentition?

A

Approx 6-13

28
Q

Which teeth erupt ages 6-8.5?

A

incisors and 6s (first permanent molars)

29
Q

Which teeth erupt ages 10-12.5?

A

canines (3s), premolars (4, 5s) and second molars (7s)

30
Q

How does the FDI notation work for deciduous teeth?

A

Quadrant number (5, 6, 7, 8) + tooth number

31
Q

Which teeth erupt first at age 6?

A

31, 41 (lower central incisors) and 16, 26, 36, 46 (first permanent molars)

32
Q

Which teeth erupt age 7?

A

11, 21 (upper centrals), 32, 42 (lower laterals)

33
Q

Which teeth erupt age 8?

A

12, 22 (upper laterals)

34
Q

Which teeth erupt age 11?

A

33, 43 (lower canines), 34, 44, 14, 24 (first premolars)

35
Q

Which teeth erupt age 12?

A

13, 23 (upper canines), 15, 25, 35, 45 (second premolars)
17, 27, 37, 47 (second molars)

36
Q

How is the increased space required for permanent incisors accommodated for?

A

Spacing of deciduous teeth, increase in inter-canine width, more proclined path of eruption of incisors.

37
Q

What is the inter-canine width?

A

linear distance between cusp tips of canines in both mandible and maxilla

38
Q

By how much does the inter-canine width increase by in the maxilla to accommodate the permanent incisors?

A

3.5 mm in maxilla

39
Q

By how much does the inter-canine width increase by in the mandible to accommodate the permanent incisors?

A

3.0 mm in mandible

40
Q

How does the AP arch length increase to accommodate for permanent incisors?

A

The permanent incisors are more proclined compared to the upright primary incisors.

41
Q

What abnormalities during tooth eruption would require investigation?

A

Abnormal eruption sequence or a delay of more than 6 months between the eruption of a L and R tooth (asymmetrical eruption)

42
Q

Possible cause of delayed eruption of teeth

A

supernumerary teeth may be present which are blocking the path of eruption of the permanent teeth. Surgical extraction of supernumerary teeth required.

43
Q

Name of condition in which a tooth is abnormally large

A

macrodontia

44
Q

Possible causes of macrodontia

A

splitting of 1 tooth germ into 2, or fusion of 2 tooth germs (may have 2 pulp chambers and be difficult to slim down)

45
Q

What is hypodontia?

A

Congenital absence of one or more teeth