Inclusive Education (Day 47) Flashcards by wella marish paragoso

an education that includes non-disabled and people with disability learning together in mainstream schools, colleges, and universities

Inclusive Education

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modifications or adjustments made, not imposing undue burden, that enable individuals with disabilities to perform their duties, access services, or participate fully in activities

Reasonable Accommodation

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consideration that we gave for them

Reasonable Accommodation

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Guaranteed a Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) to all disabled children

Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA)

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(IDEIA) 2004

Individuals with Disabilities in Education Improvement Act

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To promote inclusive education

Salamanca Statement and Framework for Action on Special Needs Education (June 1994)

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known as “The Accessibility Law”, an Act to Enhance the Mobility of Disabled Persons
Ex. Ramps, sidewalk, railings

Batas Pambansa Bilang 344

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known as Education Act of 1982. The State shall promote the right of every individual to relevant quality education regardless of sex, age, breed, socio- economics status, physical and mental condition, social and ethnic origin, political and other affiliations.

Batas Pambansa Bilang 232

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Magna Carta for Disabled Persons

Republic Act No. 7277

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which grants at least twenty percent (20%) discount

RA 9442

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a law that creates the Persons with Disability Office PDAO

RA 10070

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(Expanded Positions for PWDs Law)- reserves 1% of government positions for PWDs and incentivizes private corporations with over 100 employees whose Employments workforce comprises 1% with PWDs

RA 10524

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known as the “Instituting a Policy of Inclusion and Services for Learners with Disabilities in Support of Inclusive Education Act

RA 11650

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mandates that all cities and municipalities have at least one Inclusive Learning Resource Center (ILRC)

RA 11650

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physical or virtual center that provides support
and related services to teaching and learning of learners with disabilities.

Inclusive Learning Resource Center (ILRC)`

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refers to physical or mental defect or the loss or reduced function of a body part or organ

Impairment (body)

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refers to a person-level limitations in physical and psycho-cognitive activities or an impairment which limits the ability to perform certain tasks. It tis the result of an impairment

Disability (tasks)

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a problem encountered during interaction with the environment.

Handicap (situation)

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impairments in social
interaction and
communication and repetitive/restricted behavior, stereotyped movements, resistance to changes in daily routines, unusual responses to sensory experience
Have problems with social, emotional and communication skills

Autism /Developmental Delay

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Known as “triad of impairment” with (1) impaired communication; (2) impaired social skills; and (3) a restricted and repetitive way of being-in-the-world.

Autism /Developmental Delay

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non-correctable vision loss

Visual Impairment Including Blindness

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loss Causes of visual impairment among children:

Amblyopia or lazy eye
Strabismus (misaligned or crossed eyes)
Birth defects
Eye or brain injuries
Hearing Impairment

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A problem with damage to one or more parts of the ear

Hearing Impairment

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Types of hearing impairments:
CSMCA

Conductive Hearing Loss
Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Mixed Hearing Loss
Central Hearing Loss
Auditory Processing Disorder

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Types of hearing impairments: CSMCA caused by problems with the outer, middle ear, the ear canal, eardrum or ossicles. There is also a blockage with the ear making the sound seems quieter.

Conductive Hearing Loss

Types of hearing impairments: CSMCA result of a damaged inner ear or the auditory nerve. Permanent hearing loss.

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Types of hearing impairments: CSMCA Mixed Hearing Loss- occurs when a person has both conductive and sensorineural. hearing impairment receive sound waves

Mixed Hearing Loss

Types of hearing impairments: CSMCA happens when the cochlea is working properly, some parts of the brain are not

Central Hearing Loss

Types of hearing impairments: CSMCA Not a hearing loss but a person who has this can easily hear well in a quiet environment

Auditory Processing Disorder

Intellectual Disability once termed as Mental Retardation, is characterized by poor or below average intellectual capacity et included in intellectual Disability are the Down syndrome

Intellectual Disability

average IQ

90-109

Down syndrome is also called

Trisomy 21

Needs short-term support when needed

Mild (IQ 50-55 to 70- 75)

Requires consistent support to live independently

Moderate (1Q 35-49 to 50- 55)

Needs regular, consistent, and lifetime support in school, work and other endeavors

Severe (IQ 20-25 to 34- 39)

May need complete nursing or custodial care

Profound (IQ below 20-25)

refers to someone's limitation to perform basic physical activities

Physical Disabilities

Common physical disabilities: BCMSDSF

1. Brittle Bone Disease 2. Cerebral Palsy 3. Muscular Dystrophy 4. Spina Bifida 5. Dwarfism 6. Spina Bifida

Common physical disabilities: BCMSDSF This disease is the abnormal fragility of the bones.

Brittle Bone Disease-

Common physical disabilities: BCMSDSF characterized by involuntary jerking movements, a poor sense of balance, spastic muscles, and speech impairment

Cerebral Palsy-

Common physical disabilities: BCMSDSF - This is a neuromuscular condition characterized by deterioration and wasting of muscle fibers.

Muscular Dystrophy

Common physical disabilities: BCMSDSF This is a defect due to incomplete formation of the spine and spinal cord

Spina Bifida-

Common physical disabilities: BCMSDSF This is a "debilitating, life-shortening, degenerative neuro- muscular disorder." People who suffer from this may experience loss of coordination in arms and legs, fatigue, visual impairment, hearing loss, slurred speech, aggressive scoliosis, diabetes, and serious heart condition

Friedreich's Ataxia-

significant reduced ability to understand new or complex information, to learn new skills (impaired intelligence), with a reduced ability to cope independently (impaired social functioning), which started before adulthood

Learning Disabilities

Learning Disabilities; DDD

1.Dyscalculia 2. Dysgraphia 3. Dyslexia

Learning Disabilities; DDD A specific learning disability that affects a person's ability to understand. numbers and learn math facts,

Dyscalculia

Learning Disabilities; DDD a specific learning disability that affects a person's handwriting ability and fine motor skills.

Dysgraphia

Learning Disabilities; DDD Dyslexia - A specific learning disability that affects reading and related language-based processing skills.

Dyslexia

Mental disorder that affects one's capacity to pay attention and behave

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity (ADHD)

Types of ADHD: IHC

1. Inattentive 2. frequently Hyperactive-Impulsive 3. Combined

Types of ADHD: IHC Individuals may appear daydreamy, have difficulty following instructions, struggle with organization and staying on task, and lose things frequently

Inattentive

Types of ADHD: IHC Individuals may be constantly fidgeting, talking excessively, interrupting others, having difficulty taking turns, and acting without thinking

Hyperactive-Impulsive

Types of ADHD: IHC Combination of inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive

Combined

2 or more disabilities and one of it it should be intellectual disability

Multiple Disabilities

problems in the bones, muscles and joints, includes impairments caused by a congenital anomaly (e.g., clubfoot, absence of some member, etc.), impairments caused by disease (e.g., poliomyelitis, bone tuberculosis, etc.), and impairments from other causes (e.g., cerebral palsy, amputations, and fractures or burns that cause contractures).

Orthopedic Impairment

Famous deaf-blindness

Helen Keller

Lifetime companion of Helen keller

Anne Sullivan

a communication disorder such as stuttering, impaired articulation, a language impairment, or a voice impairment that adversely affects a child's educational performance.

Speech or Language Impairment

an acquired injury to the brain caused by an external physical force, resulting in total or partial functional disability or psychosocial impairment, or both, that adversely affects a child's educational performance.

Traumatic Brain Injury

A student who is _________is expected to meet the same academic standards as every other students.

mainstreamed

In _________, the student is not expected to meet these same standards.

inclusion

Inclusive Classroom Strategies

1.Use a variety of instructional materials 2. Ensure access to academic curricular content 3. Apply universal design for learning

practices that are shown to be effective through the high-quality researcher to meaningfully improve student outcomes

Evidence-based Practice in inclusive education/Scientifically Based Practices

Co-teaching Models; One teacher leads the lesson, while the other observes specific student behaviors or gathers data as agreed upon beforehand. Both teachers collaborate to analyze the observations and adjust instruction, addressing individual student needs.

One Teach, One Observe

Co-teaching Models; One teacher teaches, while the other provides assistance to the learners.

One Teach, One Drift

Co-teaching Models; The class is divided into two groups, and both teachers simultaneously deliver the same lesson to each group.

Parallel Teaching

Co-teaching Models; Station Teaching- Students rotate through different stations with each teacher presenting a specific part of the topic.

Station Teaching

Co-teaching Models; One teacher teaches the larger group, while the other teacher teaches the smaller group. The larger group is required to complete the lesson, while the smaller group either completes the lesson or completes tasks at a different level.

Alternative Teaching

Co-teaching Models; Both teachers actively participate in lesson delivery, providing complementary inputs, monitoring student progress, and facilitating groups.

Team Teaching

Guidelines for an effective inclusive classroom environment; SSOMA

1. Seating arrangements 2. Student ownership 3. Organization 4. Materials and accommodations 5. Adult language and ton

Guidelines for an effective inclusive classroom environment; SSOMA Consider accessibility and inclusivity in classroom layout

Seating arrangements

Guidelines for an effective inclusive classroom environment; SSOMA Reflect student identities and achievements in classroom decorations.

Student ownership

Guidelines for an effective inclusive classroom environment; SSOMA Organization: Ensure accessibility of materials and engaging activities for all learners.

Organization:

Guidelines for an effective inclusive classroom environment; SSOMA Use appropriate and adapted materials, providing necessary technology and communication devices.

Materials and accommodations

Guidelines for an effective inclusive classroom environment; SSOMA Foster positive and inclusive verbal and non-verbal interactions between all.

Adult language and tone

A term coined by Kurt Lewin

ACTION RESEARCH

ACTION: taking action to improve practice

ACTION

finding things out and coming to a new understanding that create new knowledge.

RESEARCH

Who said that a process through which practitioners like teachers, study their own practice to solve their personal or professional practical problems

Corey

who said that concerned with everyday practical problems experienced by the teachers, rather than the theoretical problems defined by pure researchers

illiot

4Cs of Quality Action Research

1. credible 2. communicable 3. contributory 4. conforming

4Cs of Quality Action Research it is rigorous, transparent and consistent

Credible

4Cs of Quality Action Research when it is consumable and accessible

Communicable

4Cs of Quality Action Research when it is relevant, original and generalizable

Contributory

4Cs of Quality Action Research when it is aligned with regulations, is ethical and sustainable

Conforming

What are the Core Characteristics of Action Research? SRRSPF

1.Systematic: 2. Reflective 3. Situational 4. Participative 5. Future-oriented 6. Rigorous

What are the Core Characteristics of Action Research? SRRSPF like any form of research, it follows a system.

Systematic

What are the Core Characteristics of Action Research? SRRSPF Rigorous: strictly adheres to the rules of empirical studies.

Rigorous

What are the Core Characteristics of Action Research? SRRSPF follows a continuous reflection and action.

Reflective

What are the Core Characteristics of Action Research? SRRSPF Situational: specific to the location (school) and circumstances (teaching-learning, etc.).

Situational

What are the Core Characteristics of Action Research? SRRSPF teachers and learners are co-researchers.

Participative

What are the Core Characteristics of Action Research? SRRSPF seeks solution to current problem for future improvement.

Future-oriented

Why is Action Research useful as a Teacher Researcher?

helps to learn how to improve teaching practice and provides more space to think deeply about the issues that confront teaching and learning.

Who said that Action research is a cyclical, recursive process of observing, reflecting, acting, evaluating, modifying, and moving in new direction known as action-reflection

McNiff & Whitehead

Who said that action research cycle that starts with Observe followed by Reflect, Plan and Act (QRPA) which also follows a cyclical process.

Nelson