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TOPNOTCHER > Cell and Molecular Biology ( Day 11) > Flashcards

Cell and Molecular Biology ( Day 11) Flashcards

1
Q

all organism are composed of one or more cellls

A

Cell theory
schleiden & Schwann

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2
Q

the basic unit of life

A

Cell theory
Schleiden & Schwann

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3
Q

come from pre existing cells

A

Cell theory
Rudolf Virchow

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4
Q

General characteristics of a cell

A

bounded by a plasma membrane
contain semifluid cytosol in the cytoplasm
contain chromosomes
they have ribosomes

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5
Q

control center of the cell, contain the genes.

A

Nucleus

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6
Q

largest organelle in animal cell

A

Nucleus

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7
Q

blueprint of life

A

DNA

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8
Q

Largest organelle in plant

A

central vacuole

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9
Q

no nuclues

A

prokaryotic

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10
Q

with nucleus

A

eukaryotic

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11
Q

protein factories

A

ribosomes

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12
Q

produce protein needed in cytosol

A

free ribosomes

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13
Q

for protein in the rough ER

A

bound ribosomes

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14
Q

powerhouse of the cell, chemical energy conversion, more active the cell more _____ it contains

A

mitochondria

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15
Q

produce adenosine triphosphate, energy currency of the cell

A

mitochondria

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16
Q

cellular respiration ( Glycolysis __ ATP, Kreb cycle ___ ATP, Oxidative phosphorylation electron transport chain __ ATP

A

2
2
34

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17
Q

ATP Per cell respiration

A

36 to 38 ATP

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18
Q

captures of light energy, site of photosynthesis

A

choloroplasts

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19
Q

green pigment found in leaves and other green organs of plant

A

chlorophyll

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20
Q

support, motility, and regulation, network fibers, organizes structure and activities (mechanical support)

A

Cytoskleton

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21
Q

spindle fibers, separate sister chromatids in anaphase

A

microtubules

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22
Q

actin filaments, amoeba filaments, contraction of actin, myosin filament

A

microfilaments

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23
Q

support cell shape

A

intermediate

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24
Q

microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate

A

network fibers

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25
Q

suicidal bag, digest bacteria, foreign substance and worn out cell parts

A

lysosomes

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26
Q

serve as channel which materials are transported

A

endoplasmic reticulum

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27
Q

contains ribosome- macro molecules to produce protein

A

rough ER

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28
Q

not contain ribosome- macro molecules to produce lipids

A

smooth ER

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29
Q

manufacturer, process, package

A

golgi apparatus

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30
Q

cellulose

A

plant cell wall

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31
Q

chitins and glucans

A

fungal cell wall

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32
Q

peptidoglycan

A

bacteria cell wall

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33
Q

no energy investment, CO2, H20, 02 easily diffuse across plasma memebrane

A

passive transport

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34
Q

requires energy in the form of

A

Active transport

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35
Q

group to be transport

A

bulk transport

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36
Q

going out

A

exocytosis

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37
Q

coming in

A

endocytosis

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38
Q

cell drinking, takes in fluid and solute

A

pinocytosis

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39
Q

cell eating, takes in larger substances, large fats molecule

A

phagocytosis

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40
Q

tiny microscopic organism, decomposer or chemical recyclers in ecosystem (return mineral and nutrients)

A

microorganism

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41
Q

eliminate pollutants and converts them in to harmless or useful ones

A

bioremediation

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42
Q

refers to a kingdom that is used to group archaebacteria and bacteria within it.

A

monera
Herbert copeland

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43
Q

archaebacteria and eubacteria

A

Woese and fax

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44
Q

bacteria like
extreme environments

A

Archaebactreia

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45
Q

no oxygen

A

methanogens

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46
Q

very salty

A

halophiles

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47
Q

hot envrinment

A

thermophiles

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48
Q

tru bacteria

A

eubacteria

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49
Q

spherical, round, globular

A

coccus

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50
Q

rod shaped

A

bacillus

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51
Q

spirilla-spiral

A

spirillium

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52
Q

comma shaped

A

vibrio

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53
Q

any eukaryotic organism that is not an animal, land plant, or fungus. polyphyletic grouping of several independent clades that evolved from the last eukaryotic common ancestor.

A

protoctista or protista\by Haekel

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54
Q

closest relatives of plants (lumot), photosynthetic, 75% major oxygen producer, classified according to pigments

A

algae

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55
Q

yellow

A

fucoxanthin

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56
Q

green

A

chlorophyll

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57
Q

red

A

phycoerythrin

58
Q

blue

A

phycocyanin

59
Q

cause by dinoflagellate (brownish orange in color) contain toxin ten times more toxic than cyanide, shellfish is not safe to eat

A

red tide

60
Q

seem like animal, unicellular eukaryotes with no cell walls, classified by locomotion

A

protozoa

61
Q

false feet, cytoplasmic extension for creeping movements

A

pseudopodia

62
Q

amoebic dysentery

A

entamoeba histolytica

63
Q

short hair like

A

cilia

64
Q

freshwater, brackish, cultured in laboratory (closed population)

A

paramicium

65
Q

longer whiplike structures

A

flagella

66
Q

cause gambian sleeping

A

trypanosama gambiense

67
Q

intestine termites

A

trichonympha campanulate

68
Q

spores/parasitic, plasmodium faciparum

A

nonmotile

69
Q

cause by malaria( female anophelis minimus)

A

plasmodium vivax

70
Q

eukaryotic, cell wall (chitin &glucan) classified based on reproductive structure

A

Fungi

71
Q

miracle or wonder drug from penicillium notatum

A

penicillin

72
Q

acellular, nonliving, inactive chemical particle

A

viruses

73
Q

protein shell

A

capsid

74
Q

DNA or RNA, lack of energy transformation and biosynthesis

A

Viruses

75
Q

bacteria disease and tobacco

A

adolf meyer

76
Q

very small and filterable

A

dmitri mendelev

77
Q

coined “virus” which means poison

A

martinus beijerick

78
Q

cystallized to bacco mosaic virus

A

wendell staley

79
Q

immunology and vaccine for smallpox. father of immunology

A

edward Jenner

80
Q

parts and their location

A

anatomy

81
Q

function of the parts

A

physiology

82
Q

mouth, 4 kinds of teeth

A

mechanical digestion/ physical digestion

83
Q

cutting food

A

incisors

84
Q

tearing meat

A

canines

85
Q

crushing food

A

molars/premolars

86
Q

wavelike contraction

A

peristalsis

87
Q

result in vomiting

A

antiperalsis

88
Q

mouth, digestive enzymes

A

chemical digestion

89
Q

salivary amylase or digest car

A

mouth

90
Q

mucus, hydrochloric acid, pepsinogen

A

stomach gastric juices

91
Q

final digestion

A

small intestine

92
Q

bringing of oxygen and getting rid or carbon dioxide, nose to pharynx to larynx to trachea

A

respiration

93
Q

functional unit of the respiratory system

A

alveoli

94
Q

cardiovascular, closed transport system of circulation blood to the heart and blood cells

A

circulation

95
Q

heart

A

cardia

96
Q

vessel

A

vas

97
Q

away

A

arteries

98
Q

back to the heart veins

A

veins

99
Q

pulmonary

A

lungs

100
Q

whole blood

A

systemic

101
Q

heart

A

coronary circulations

102
Q

to beats per minutes

A

heart

103
Q

4 chambers

A

humans

104
Q

receiving chamber

A

atrium/atria

105
Q

pumping chambers

A

ventricles

106
Q

2 chambers

A

fish & tadpoles

107
Q

3 chambers

A

amphibians and reptiles

108
Q

4 chambers

A

crocodiles and mammals

109
Q

computerized machine sends regular electrical impulses making it beat rhythmically

A

pacemaker

110
Q

pacemaker is created by

A

wilson greatbatch

111
Q

force against the walls of the arteries

A

boolpressure

112
Q

normal blood pressure

A

120/80 mmH

113
Q

measure bood pressure

A

sphygmanometer

114
Q

biconcave, hemoglobin make it red ( Fe iron makes i function)

A

red blood cell/ erythrocytes

115
Q

histamine is released to perceived threat causes allergic reaction

A

white blood cells/ leukocytes

116
Q

anti histamine

A

ceterizine

117
Q

counter anaphylactic shock

A

epinephrine

118
Q

antibodies/ immunoglobin produced by B-lymphocytes responsible for immunity; act against foreign sunstances

A

white booed cells/leukocytes

119
Q

blood clotting (heal open wound)

A

platelets / thrombocytes

120
Q

universal donor

A

type o

121
Q

universal receiver

A

type AB

122
Q

blood type

A

karl landsteiner

123
Q

body gets rid of metabolic wastes

A

excretion

124
Q

the most harmful it alters pH blood 7.35-7.45

A

ammonia

125
Q

kidney, liver, sweat glands, lungs, large intestine

A

excretion

126
Q

principal excretory organ

A

kidneys

127
Q

excretory unit / filtering unit

A

nephrons

128
Q

artificial kidney

A

hemodialysis

129
Q

1st used of the artificial kidney on human, father of dialysis and father of artificial organs

A

Dr. Willem Kolff

130
Q

retinol

A

vitamin A

131
Q

calciferol

A

Vitamin D

132
Q

tocopherol

A

vitamin E

133
Q

phylloquinone or menaquinone

A

vitamin K

134
Q

thiamine

A

B1

135
Q

Riboflavin

A

B2

136
Q

niacin

A

B3

137
Q

pantothenic acid

A

B5

138
Q

pyridoxine

A

B6

139
Q

biotin

A

B7

140
Q

folic acid

A

B9

141
Q

cobalamin

A

B12

142
Q

ascorbic acid

A

C

TOPNOTCHER (19 decks)

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