Cell and Molecular Biology ( Day 11) Flashcards
1
Q
all organism are composed of one or more cellls
A
Cell theory
schleiden & Schwann
2
Q
the basic unit of life
A
Cell theory
Schleiden & Schwann
3
Q
come from pre existing cells
A
Cell theory
Rudolf Virchow
4
Q
General characteristics of a cell
A
bounded by a plasma membrane
contain semifluid cytosol in the cytoplasm
contain chromosomes
they have ribosomes
5
Q
control center of the cell, contain the genes.
A
Nucleus
6
Q
largest organelle in animal cell
A
Nucleus
7
Q
blueprint of life
A
DNA
8
Q
Largest organelle in plant
A
central vacuole
9
Q
no nuclues
A
prokaryotic
10
Q
with nucleus
A
eukaryotic
11
Q
protein factories
A
ribosomes
12
Q
produce protein needed in cytosol
A
free ribosomes
13
Q
for protein in the rough ER
A
bound ribosomes
14
Q
powerhouse of the cell, chemical energy conversion, more active the cell more _____ it contains
A
mitochondria
15
Q
produce adenosine triphosphate, energy currency of the cell
A
mitochondria
16
Q
cellular respiration ( Glycolysis __ ATP, Kreb cycle ___ ATP, Oxidative phosphorylation electron transport chain __ ATP
A
2
2
34
17
Q
ATP Per cell respiration
A
36 to 38 ATP
18
Q
captures of light energy, site of photosynthesis
A
choloroplasts
19
Q
green pigment found in leaves and other green organs of plant
A
chlorophyll
20
Q
support, motility, and regulation, network fibers, organizes structure and activities (mechanical support)
A
Cytoskleton
21
Q
spindle fibers, separate sister chromatids in anaphase
A
microtubules
22
Q
actin filaments, amoeba filaments, contraction of actin, myosin filament
A
microfilaments
23
Q
support cell shape
A
intermediate
24
Q
microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate
A
network fibers
25
suicidal bag, digest bacteria, foreign substance and worn out cell parts
lysosomes
26
serve as channel which materials are transported
endoplasmic reticulum
27
contains ribosome- macro molecules to produce protein
rough ER
28
not contain ribosome- macro molecules to produce lipids
smooth ER
29
manufacturer, process, package
golgi apparatus
30
cellulose
plant cell wall
31
chitins and glucans
fungal cell wall
32
peptidoglycan
bacteria cell wall
33
no energy investment, CO2, H20, 02 easily diffuse across plasma memebrane
passive transport
34
requires energy in the form of
Active transport
35
group to be transport
bulk transport
36
going out
exocytosis
37
coming in
endocytosis
38
cell drinking, takes in fluid and solute
pinocytosis
39
cell eating, takes in larger substances, large fats molecule
phagocytosis
40
tiny microscopic organism, decomposer or chemical recyclers in ecosystem (return mineral and nutrients)
microorganism
41
eliminate pollutants and converts them in to harmless or useful ones
bioremediation
42
refers to a kingdom that is used to group archaebacteria and bacteria within it.
monera
Herbert copeland
43
archaebacteria and eubacteria
Woese and fax
44
bacteria like
extreme environments
Archaebactreia
45
no oxygen
methanogens
46
very salty
halophiles
47
hot envrinment
thermophiles
48
tru bacteria
eubacteria
49
spherical, round, globular
coccus
50
rod shaped
bacillus
51
spirilla-spiral
spirillium
52
comma shaped
vibrio
53
any eukaryotic organism that is not an animal, land plant, or fungus. polyphyletic grouping of several independent clades that evolved from the last eukaryotic common ancestor.
protoctista or protista\by Haekel
54
closest relatives of plants (lumot), photosynthetic, 75% major oxygen producer, classified according to pigments
algae
55
yellow
fucoxanthin
56
green
chlorophyll
57
red
phycoerythrin
58
blue
phycocyanin
59
cause by dinoflagellate (brownish orange in color) contain toxin ten times more toxic than cyanide, shellfish is not safe to eat
red tide
60
seem like animal, unicellular eukaryotes with no cell walls, classified by locomotion
protozoa
61
false feet, cytoplasmic extension for creeping movements
pseudopodia
62
amoebic dysentery
entamoeba histolytica
63
short hair like
cilia
64
freshwater, brackish, cultured in laboratory (closed population)
paramicium
65
longer whiplike structures
flagella
66
cause gambian sleeping
trypanosama gambiense
67
intestine termites
trichonympha campanulate
68
spores/parasitic, plasmodium faciparum
nonmotile
69
cause by malaria( female anophelis minimus)
plasmodium vivax
70
eukaryotic, cell wall (chitin &glucan) classified based on reproductive structure
Fungi
71
miracle or wonder drug from penicillium notatum
penicillin
72
acellular, nonliving, inactive chemical particle
viruses
73
protein shell
capsid
74
DNA or RNA, lack of energy transformation and biosynthesis
Viruses
75
bacteria disease and tobacco
adolf meyer
76
very small and filterable
dmitri mendelev
77
coined "virus" which means poison
martinus beijerick
78
cystallized to bacco mosaic virus
wendell staley
79
immunology and vaccine for smallpox. father of immunology
edward Jenner
80
parts and their location
anatomy
81
function of the parts
physiology
82
mouth, 4 kinds of teeth
mechanical digestion/ physical digestion
83
cutting food
incisors
84
tearing meat
canines
85
crushing food
molars/premolars
86
wavelike contraction
peristalsis
87
result in vomiting
antiperalsis
88
mouth, digestive enzymes
chemical digestion
89
salivary amylase or digest car
mouth
90
mucus, hydrochloric acid, pepsinogen
stomach gastric juices
91
final digestion
small intestine
92
bringing of oxygen and getting rid or carbon dioxide, nose to pharynx to larynx to trachea
respiration
93
functional unit of the respiratory system
alveoli
94
cardiovascular, closed transport system of circulation blood to the heart and blood cells
circulation
95
heart
cardia
96
vessel
vas
97
away
arteries
98
back to the heart veins
veins
99
pulmonary
lungs
100
whole blood
systemic
101
heart
coronary circulations
102
to beats per minutes
heart
103
4 chambers
humans
104
receiving chamber
atrium/atria
105
pumping chambers
ventricles
106
2 chambers
fish & tadpoles
107
3 chambers
amphibians and reptiles
108
4 chambers
crocodiles and mammals
109
computerized machine sends regular electrical impulses making it beat rhythmically
pacemaker
110
pacemaker is created by
wilson greatbatch
111
force against the walls of the arteries
boolpressure
112
normal blood pressure
120/80 mmH
113
measure bood pressure
sphygmanometer
114
biconcave, hemoglobin make it red ( Fe iron makes i function)
red blood cell/ erythrocytes
115
histamine is released to perceived threat causes allergic reaction
white blood cells/ leukocytes
116
anti histamine
ceterizine
117
counter anaphylactic shock
epinephrine
118
antibodies/ immunoglobin produced by B-lymphocytes responsible for immunity; act against foreign sunstances
white booed cells/leukocytes
119
blood clotting (heal open wound)
platelets / thrombocytes
120
universal donor
type o
121
universal receiver
type AB
122
blood type
karl landsteiner
123
body gets rid of metabolic wastes
excretion
124
the most harmful it alters pH blood 7.35-7.45
ammonia
125
kidney, liver, sweat glands, lungs, large intestine
excretion
126
principal excretory organ
kidneys
127
excretory unit / filtering unit
nephrons
128
artificial kidney
hemodialysis
129
1st used of the artificial kidney on human, father of dialysis and father of artificial organs
Dr. Willem Kolff
130
retinol
vitamin A
131
calciferol
Vitamin D
132
tocopherol
vitamin E
133
phylloquinone or menaquinone
vitamin K
134
thiamine
B1
135
Riboflavin
B2
136
niacin
B3
137
pantothenic acid
B5
138
pyridoxine
B6
139
biotin
B7
140
folic acid
B9
141
cobalamin
B12
142
ascorbic acid
C
