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TOPNOTCHER > Ethics (Day 46) > Flashcards

Ethics (Day 46) Flashcards

1
Q

Comes from the Latin “MORES” referring to society’s PATTERNS, STANDARDS & RULES of doing.

A

MORAL

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2
Q

Comes from the Latin “AGERE” to do act.

A

AGENT

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3
Q

Is one who performs an act in accordance with moral standards. Is the MORAL ACTOR, one who acts morally.

A

moral agent

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4
Q

Only a _______ is capable of human acts. That’s why “morality is for persons”.

A

moral agent

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5
Q

A _____ should have the capacity to rise above their feelings and passions and act for the sake of the moral law.

A

moral agent

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6
Q

BASES OF MORAL ACCOUNTABILITY
KFV

A
  1. KNOWLEDGE (awareness)
    A human Act must be done KNOWINGLY
  2. FREEDOM
    It must be done FREELY.
  3. VOLUNTARINESS (willingness)
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7
Q

An act is voluntarily intended when it is done with the aim, purpose, or goal of attaining a result

A

Voluntary act

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8
Q

Can either be Intentional or Negligent -Negligent Act

A

Voluntary act

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9
Q

done voluntarily WITHOUT CARE or PRECAUTION in avoiding the happening of a foreseeable event

A

Negligent act

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10
Q

Your _____ of MORAL ACCOUNTABILITY depends on the DEGREE or EXTENT of ______, _____ and ________

A

DEGREE
KNOWLEDGE
FREEDOM
VOLUNTARINESS

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11
Q

affect the mental or emotional state of a person to the extent that the voluntariness involved in an act is either INCREASED or DECREASED.

A

MODIFIERS of HUMAN ACTS

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12
Q

MODIFIERS of HUMAN ACTS
IPFV

A
  1. IGNORANCE
  2. PASSION
  3. FEAR
  4. VIOLENCE
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13
Q

MODIFIERS of HUMAN ACTS
IPFV;

  • Absence of Knowledge
A

IGNORANCE

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14
Q

MODIFIERS of HUMAN ACTS
IPFV;

refers to POSITIVE EMOTIONS such as love, desire, delight, hope, and bravery Also refers to NEGATIVE EMOTIONS such as hatred, horror, sadness, despair, fear, and anger

A

PASSION

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15
Q

MODIFIERS of HUMAN ACTS
IPFV;

Disturbance of the mind of a person due to an impending danger or harm to himself or loved ones.

A

FEAR

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16
Q

Acts done with ____is voluntary but acts done with ___ or UNCONTROLLABLE FEAR or PANIC are _____

A

FEAR
INTENSE
INVOLUNTARY

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17
Q

MODIFIERS of HUMAN ACTS
IPFV;

Refers to any physical force exerted on a person by another free agent for the purpose of compelling said person to act against his WILL

A

Violence

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18
Q

Actions performed by a person subjected to violence or irresistible force are ______ and ______

A

INVOLUNTARY
NOT ACCOUNTABLE.

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19
Q

DEGREES OF IGNORANCE;
IV

A

1.Invincible
2. Vincible
-Supine/Gross/Crass
- Affected

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20
Q

DEGREES OF IGNORANCE;

Impossible

A

Invincible ignorance

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21
Q

DEGREES OF IGNORANCE;

When we DO NOT KNOW something that was IMPOSSIBLE for us to KNOW

A

Invincible ignorance

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22
Q

DEGREES OF IGNORANCE;

The person makes a decision to act out of ignorance but in good conscience- having taken every precaution to inform himself.

A

Invincible ignorance

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23
Q

DEGREES OF IGNORANCE;

If fully informed, the person would have not performed the act

A

Invincible ignorance

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24
Q

DEGREES OF IGNORANCE;

When we DO NOT KNOW something that WE OUGHT TO KNOW. The person makes a decision to act out ignorance without attempting to find out what the result might be.

A

Vincible Ignorance

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25
DEGREES OF IGNORANCE; Not in good conscience- NOT having taken every precaution to be fully informed.
Vincible Ignorance
26
DEGREES OF IGNORANCE; Possible
Vincible Ignorance
27
The basic rule is _________, one that is beyond the ability to overcome is entirely ______, and hence removes _________"
invincible ignorance INVOLUNTARY moral responsibility
28
Vincible Ignorance can either be: SA
1. SUPINE/GROSS/CRASS 2. AFFECTED
29
Vincible Ignorance can either be: SA No effort at all
SUPINE/GROSS/CRASS
30
Vincible Ignorance can either be: SA When scarcely an effort has been made to remove it.
SUPINE/GROSS/CRASS
31
Vincible Ignorance can either be: SA you avoid intentionally so that you can sin more freely
affected
32
TYPES OF PASSION; AC
1. ANTECEDENT PASSION 2. CONSEQUENT PASSION
33
TYPES OF PASSION; AC; Precede the act due to to shock
ANTECEDENT PASSION
34
TYPES OF PASSION; AC; Those that precede the act, do not always destroy voluntariness but they DIMINISH accountability for the resultant act.
ANTECEDENT PASSION
35
TYPES OF PASSION; AC; Kinikimkim
CONSEQUENT PASSION
36
TYPES OF PASSION; AC; Those that are INTENTIONALLY AROUSED and KEPT. They DO NOT lessen voluntariness but may INCREASE ACCOUNTABILITY
CONSEQUENT PASSION
37
Are those of which a man is a master which he has the power of doing or not doing as he pleases, you have control
Human act
38
Observing prescribed diet Tutoring slow learners Preparing for the board exam
Human act
39
You do not have control Actions that merely happen in the body or through the body WITHOUT the awareness of the MIND or the control of the WILL
ACTS OF MAN
40
Breathing Blinking Perspiring Dilation of the pupils of the eyes
ACTS OF MAN
41
DETERMINANTS OF MORALITY be OEC
1. OBJECT of the ACT 2. The END or PURPOSE 3. Its CIRCUMSTANCES
42
DETERMINANTS OF MORALITY be OEC; Is the ACT ITSELF
Object of the Act
43
DETERMINANTS OF MORALITY be OEC; is the INTENTION of the acting subject or what inspires the acting subject
End or the Purpose
44
DETERMINANTS OF MORALITY be OEC; ✔Refer to the TIME PLACE, PERSON, and CONDITIONS surrounding the moral act.
Circumstances
45
FIVE CLASSIFICATIONS OF MORAL FRAMEWORKS
1 ARISTOTLE'S VIRTUE ETHICS 2 ST. THOMAS' NATURAL LAW ETHICS 3. KANT'S DEONTOLOGICAL ETHICS 4. UTILITARIANISM 5.THE LOVE AND JUSTICE FRAMEWORK
46
VIRTUOUS PERSON VIRTUE THEORY GOLDEN MEAN MORAL EXEMPLARS EUDAIMONIA
ARISTOTLE'S VIRTUE OR CHARACTER ETHICS
47
Someone who mastered the art of being a person.
VIRTUOUS PERSON
48
the ethical person is virtuous, one who has developed good character or has developed _______.
virtues
49
Ethical Theory that emphasizes an individual's character rather than following a set of rules If we can just focus on BEING GOOD PEOPLE the RIGHT ACTIONS will FOLLOW, effortlessly
VIRTUE THEORY
50
midpoint between 2 extremes which Aristotle Called
VIRTUE
51
The sweet spot between the extreme of excess and the extreme of deficiencies.
GOLDEN MEAN
52
People who already possess virtues
MORAL EXEMPLARS
53
* A life well lived Always follow the virtue and Golden Mean.
EUDAIMONIA
54
Aquinas thought that morality was important for everyone and that being a good person was a vital part of God's plan for each of us
ST. THOMAS' NATURAL LAW THEORY/ETHICS
55
God made us preloaded of tools we need to know what's good
ST. THOMAS' NATURAL LAW THEORY/ETHICS
56
Do good avoid evil
ST. THOMAS' NATURAL LAW THEORY/ETHICS
57
TYPES OF LAW
1. ETERNAL LAW 2. DIVINE LAW 3. NATURAL LAW 4. HUMAN LAW/POSITIVE LAW
58
TYPES OF LAW; Is the mind of God which humans cannot know. Contains laws that govern the universe
ETERNAL LAW
59
TYPES OF LAW; Law of God revealed to people through the bible. decreed by God in the Ten Commandments
DIVINE LAW
60
TYPES OF LAW; It is what directs our conscience and if applied with reason to a situation will lead to the right outcome.
NATURAL LAW
61
TYPES OF LAW; Promulgated by persons Everyday rules that govern our lives.
HUMAN LAW/POSITIVE LAW
62
Kant argued that in order to know what is right, you have to use reason.
Kant's Deontological Ethics
63
"you don't need religion to determine what that law is, because what's RIGHT and WRONG is totally KNOWABLE just by using your INTELLECT.
Kant's Deontological Ethics
64
These are commands you must follow, regardless of your desires.
CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVES
65
TWO FORMULATIONS
1. The Universalizability Principle 2.the Formula of Humanity
66
TWO FORMULATIONS; Act only according to that maxim which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law without contradiction.
The Universalizability Principle
67
TWO FORMULATIONS; "Act so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of another, always as an end, and never as a mere means."
the Formula of Humanity
68
something that must always be done in similar situations
Universal Law
69
3 Well-known Concepts of Love (Greeks)
1. Agape- 2. Erotic 3. Philia
70
3 Well-known Concepts of Love (Greeks); Charity
Agape-
71
3 Well-known Concepts of Love (Greeks); Passionate Sexual Encounter
Erotic
72
3 Well-known Concepts of Love (Greeks); Affection between friends.
Philia
73
Removing Barriers to achieve common goods
SOCIAL JUSTICE
74
is promotion of the common good.
SOCIAL JUSTICE
75
It is giving everyone equal access to wealth, opportunities, and privileges in society.
SOCIAL JUSTICE
76
Distributing Resources
DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE -
77
has something to do with the distribution of allotment of goods, duties, and privileges based on the merits of individuals and the best interests of society.
DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE -
78
moral theory that focuses on the RESULTS or CONSEQUENCES of our ACTIONS and treats INTENTIONS as IRRELEVANT.
Utilitarianism: The Consequentialist Ethical Framework
79
has philosophical ancestors in Ancient Greek Thinkers such as Epicurus
Utilitarianism: The Consequentialist Ethical Framework
80
For Utilitarianist: Actions should be measured in terms of the HAPPINESS or _______ that they PRODUCE
PLEASURE
81
2 Options of Utilitarianism;
1. Act Utilitarianism 2. RULE UTILITARIANISM
82
2 Options of Utilitarianism; willing to Sacrifice, In any given situation, you should choose the action that produces that greatest good for the greatest number.
Act Utilitarianism
83
2 Options of Utilitarianism; Follow the rules It is a version of the theory that says we ought to live by rules that, in general, are likely to lead to the greatest good for the greatest number
RULE UTILITARIANISM
84
The state or quality of being a person.
PERSONHOOD
85
✓Doesn't equal human ✓ A moral term; being who is part of a moral community
PERSON
86
✓ A biological term
HUMAN
87
CRITERION OF PERSONHOOD
GENETIC COGNITIVE SOCIAL SENTIENCE GRADIENT THEORY
88
CRITERION OF PERSONHOOD; One is a person if one has human DNA; not a person without it
GENETIC
89
CRITERION OF PERSONHOOD; Consciousness, reasoning, self-motivated activity, capacity to communicate, and self- awareness
COGNITIVE
90
CRITERION OF PERSONHOOD; Whenever society recognizes you as a person, or whenever someone cares about you
SOCIAL
91
CRITERION OF PERSONHOOD; The ability to feel pleasure and pain
SENTIENCE
92
CRITERION OF PERSONHOOD; Personhood comes in degrees, and you can have more or less of it.
GRADIENT THEORY

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