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Biochemistry (Day 18) Flashcards

1
Q

Most abundant element on Earth’s crust
OSAI

A

Oxygen
Silicon
Aluminum
Iron

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2
Q

Most abundant element in living organism
OCHN

A

Oxygen
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

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3
Q

large molecules/polymerase, building blocks, combination of monomers (small molecule) in the process of polymerization

A

Biomolecules/Organic compound

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4
Q

Carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acid, protein

A

Biomolecules/organic compound

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5
Q

“saccharides” carbs, end in ‘ose;

A

Carbohydrates

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6
Q

Cn(H2o)n, primary source of energy, structure of plants and animals

A

Carbohydrates

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7
Q

simple sugar

A

monosaccharides

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8
Q

building block of carbohydrates, C6H12O6

A

Monosaccharides

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9
Q

most common saccharide, sugar used by the body to produce energy

A

Glucose

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10
Q

milk

A

galactose

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11
Q

fruit sugar, sweetest

A

Fructose

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12
Q

two monosaccharides by glycosidic bond, C12H22O12, removal of water

A

Dissacharides

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13
Q

glucose +fructose
Ex. Table sugar

A

sucrose

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14
Q

glucose + glucose
Ex. malt sugar

A

maltose

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15
Q

glucose + galactose
Ex. milk sugar, first carbohydrates for newborn

A

lactose

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16
Q

many saccharides, polymers of sugars by glycosidic bond, structural/storage

A

polysaccharide

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17
Q

most abundant organic molecule found in cell of plants

A

cellulose

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18
Q

protective covering of insects and shellfish

A

chitin

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19
Q

animal starch

A

glycogen

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20
Q

energy storage of plants

A

starch

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21
Q

nonpolar, hydrophobic, insoluble in water, energy source, cold insulator

A

lipids

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22
Q

triglycerides/triglycerols, glycerol and 3 fatty acids

A

Fats

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23
Q

single hydrogen bond, straight, solid, animal
SSSA

A

Saturated fats

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24
Q

double bond, kink(bend), liquid, plant

A

Unsaturated Fats

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25
more than one double bond, healthy fats Ex, Olive oils, avocado
polyunsaturated fats
26
major structure, cell membrane, hydrophilic (water loving head) hydrophobic (eater-fearing tail)
Phospolipid
27
alcohol and fatty acid, harder and less greasy, coating of leaves and stems
waxes
28
ring system structure Ex. cholesterol, sex chromosome
steroids
29
Friedrich Miescher
Nucleic acid
30
made up of nucleotides by phosphodiester bond, store genetic information
Nucleic acid
31
main carrier if genetic information, double strand
deoxyribonucleic acid
32
from a portion of the DNA, protein synthesis, single stranded
Ribonucleic acid
33
number of rings
Nitrogeneous bases
34
Adenine, Guanine PUGA
Purine (double ring)
35
Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil PYCUTH
Pyrimidines (single ring)
36
complementary bases Adenine, Thymine (2hydrogen bond)
DNA
37
Complementary bases Adenine, Uracil (2 hydrogen bond)
RNA
38
complementary bases Cytosine, Guanine (3 Hydrogen bond)
DNA
39
complementary bases cytosine, guanine (3hydrogen bond)
RNA
40
Ribose; a sugar, 1 oxygen atom
RNA
41
Deoxyribose; a sugar lack of 1 oxygen atom
DNA
42
phosphate and sugar molecule form backbone
phosphate group
43
DNAT to RNA to protein
central dogma
44
DNA to DNA
duplication
45
DNA to RNA
Transcription
46
RNA to protein
Translation
47
most versatile macromolecules, many functions, amino acids by peptide bonds
Proteins
48
same amino group and carboxyl group but differ in side chain
proteins
49
polymer from linking many amino acid molecules
polypeptide
50
sequence of amino acids
primary
51
coiling or folding
secondary
52
2 dimensional
tertiary
53
2 or multiples polypeptide
quartenary
54
long strands, structural
fibrous protein
55
spherical, wide array of protein function
globular protein
56
universal solvent, most abundant compound
water
57
properties of water; uneven partial charge, hydrogen bonds, attraction with other substance, mixed uniformly
polarity
58
properties of water; like molecule, surface tension
cohesion
59
properties of water; unlike molecules
adhesion
60
properties of water; adhesive forces are stronger, liquid climbing up narrow tube
capillary action
61
increase H+ (proton) turn blue litmus paper to red, sour
acid
62
substance that increase OH (proton), turn red litmus to blue, bitter
bases
63
resist pH change, acid base pair
buffers
64
biological catalyst, speed up chemical reactions, specificity catalyze only specific substance
enzymes
65
speed up chemical reactions by lowering the
activation energy
66
reaction takes place
active site
67
bind, active site, acted upon by the through structural complemmentary
substrate
68
recognizes
enzyme substrate complex
69
non protein compoenents
co-enzymes and cofactors
70
organic molecule, intermediate carrier of functional group
co-enzymes
71
metal ions/inorganic
cofactors
72
substrate enter active site of enzyme/substrate complex forms
enzyme kinetics
73
substrate is converted to product, product leave the active site of the enzyme
enzyme kinetics
74
enzyme reaches its limit /occupied
saturation point
75
Factors affecting enzyme; directly proportional
number of enzymes
76
Factors affecting enzyme; increase the reaction 37 degree celsius
temperature
77
Factors affecting enzyme; higher pressure the better
pressure
78
Factors affecting enzyme; ions affects the shape (7)
pH-changes in H+ and OH
79
inhibitor mimics substrate directly blocks the active site
competitive inhibition
80
inhibitor blind to the allosteric site
non-competitive inhibition
81
substrate causes the blinding of the inhibito
uncompetitive inhibition
82
inactive enzymes
zymogens

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