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TOPNOTCHER > Biochemistry (Day 18) > Flashcards

Biochemistry (Day 18) Flashcards

1
Q

Most abundant element on Earth’s crust
OSAI

A

Oxygen
Silicon
Aluminum
Iron

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2
Q

Most abundant element in living organism
OCHN

A

Oxygen
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

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3
Q

large molecules/polymerase, building blocks, combination of monomers (small molecule) in the process of polymerization

A

Biomolecules/Organic compound

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4
Q

Carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acid, protein

A

Biomolecules/organic compound

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5
Q

“saccharides” carbs, end in ‘ose;

A

Carbohydrates

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6
Q

Cn(H2o)n, primary source of energy, structure of plants and animals

A

Carbohydrates

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7
Q

simple sugar

A

monosaccharides

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8
Q

building block of carbohydrates, C6H12O6

A

Monosaccharides

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9
Q

most common saccharide, sugar used by the body to produce energy

A

Glucose

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10
Q

milk

A

galactose

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11
Q

fruit sugar, sweetest

A

Fructose

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12
Q

two monosaccharides by glycosidic bond, C12H22O12, removal of water

A

Dissacharides

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13
Q

glucose +fructose
Ex. Table sugar

A

sucrose

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14
Q

glucose + glucose
Ex. malt sugar

A

maltose

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15
Q

glucose + galactose
Ex. milk sugar, first carbohydrates for newborn

A

lactose

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16
Q

many saccharides, polymers of sugars by glycosidic bond, structural/storage

A

polysaccharide

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17
Q

most abundant organic molecule found in cell of plants

A

cellulose

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18
Q

protective covering of insects and shellfish

A

chitin

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19
Q

animal starch

A

glycogen

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20
Q

energy storage of plants

A

starch

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21
Q

nonpolar, hydrophobic, insoluble in water, energy source, cold insulator

A

lipids

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22
Q

triglycerides/triglycerols, glycerol and 3 fatty acids

A

Fats

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23
Q

single hydrogen bond, straight, solid, animal
SSSA

A

Saturated fats

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24
Q

double bond, kink(bend), liquid, plant

A

Unsaturated Fats

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25
Q

more than one double bond, healthy fats
Ex, Olive oils, avocado

A

polyunsaturated fats

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26
Q

major structure, cell membrane, hydrophilic (water loving head)
hydrophobic (eater-fearing tail)

A

Phospolipid

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27
Q

alcohol and fatty acid, harder and less greasy, coating of leaves and stems

A

waxes

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28
Q

ring system structure
Ex. cholesterol, sex chromosome

A

steroids

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29
Q

Friedrich Miescher

A

Nucleic acid

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30
Q

made up of nucleotides by phosphodiester bond, store genetic information

A

Nucleic acid

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31
Q

main carrier if genetic information, double strand

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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32
Q

from a portion of the DNA, protein synthesis, single stranded

A

Ribonucleic acid

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33
Q

number of rings

A

Nitrogeneous bases

34
Q

Adenine, Guanine
PUGA

A

Purine (double ring)

35
Q

Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil
PYCUTH

A

Pyrimidines (single ring)

36
Q

complementary bases
Adenine, Thymine (2hydrogen bond)

A

DNA

37
Q

Complementary bases
Adenine, Uracil (2 hydrogen bond)

A

RNA

38
Q

complementary bases
Cytosine, Guanine (3 Hydrogen bond)

A

DNA

39
Q

complementary bases
cytosine, guanine (3hydrogen bond)

A

RNA

40
Q

Ribose; a sugar, 1 oxygen atom

A

RNA

41
Q

Deoxyribose; a sugar lack of 1 oxygen atom

A

DNA

42
Q

phosphate and sugar molecule form backbone

A

phosphate group

43
Q

DNAT to RNA to protein

A

central dogma

44
Q

DNA to DNA

A

duplication

45
Q

DNA to RNA

A

Transcription

46
Q

RNA to protein

A

Translation

47
Q

most versatile macromolecules, many functions, amino acids by peptide bonds

A

Proteins

48
Q

same amino group and carboxyl group but differ in side chain

A

proteins

49
Q

polymer from linking many amino acid molecules

A

polypeptide

50
Q

sequence of amino acids

A

primary

51
Q

coiling or folding

A

secondary

52
Q

2 dimensional

A

tertiary

53
Q

2 or multiples polypeptide

A

quartenary

54
Q

long strands, structural

A

fibrous protein

55
Q

spherical, wide array of protein function

A

globular protein

56
Q

universal solvent, most abundant compound

A

water

57
Q

properties of water;
uneven partial charge, hydrogen bonds, attraction with other substance, mixed uniformly

A

polarity

58
Q

properties of water; like molecule, surface tension

A

cohesion

59
Q

properties of water; unlike molecules

A

adhesion

60
Q

properties of water;
adhesive forces are stronger, liquid climbing up narrow tube

A

capillary action

61
Q

increase H+ (proton) turn blue litmus paper to red, sour

A

acid

62
Q

substance that increase OH (proton), turn red litmus to blue, bitter

A

bases

63
Q

resist pH change, acid base pair

A

buffers

64
Q

biological catalyst, speed up chemical reactions, specificity catalyze only specific substance

A

enzymes

65
Q

speed up chemical reactions by lowering the

A

activation energy

66
Q

reaction takes place

A

active site

67
Q

bind, active site, acted upon by the through structural complemmentary

A

substrate

68
Q

recognizes

A

enzyme substrate complex

69
Q

non protein compoenents

A

co-enzymes and cofactors

70
Q

organic molecule, intermediate carrier of functional group

A

co-enzymes

71
Q

metal ions/inorganic

A

cofactors

72
Q

substrate enter active site of enzyme/substrate complex forms

A

enzyme kinetics

73
Q

substrate is converted to product, product leave the active site of the enzyme

A

enzyme kinetics

74
Q

enzyme reaches its limit /occupied

A

saturation point

75
Q

Factors affecting enzyme;
directly proportional

A

number of enzymes

76
Q

Factors affecting enzyme;
increase the reaction 37 degree celsius

A

temperature

77
Q

Factors affecting enzyme;
higher pressure the better

A

pressure

78
Q

Factors affecting enzyme;
ions affects the shape (7)

A

pH-changes in H+ and OH

79
Q

inhibitor mimics substrate directly blocks the active site

A

competitive inhibition

80
Q

inhibitor blind to the allosteric site

A

non-competitive inhibition

81
Q

substrate causes the blinding of the inhibito

A

uncompetitive inhibition

82
Q

inactive enzymes

A

zymogens

TOPNOTCHER (48 decks)

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