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TOPNOTCHER > Astronomy (Day 12) > Flashcards

Astronomy (Day 12) Flashcards

1
Q

study of universe, planet origin, solar system

A

astronomy

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2
Q

universe, properties, structure, evolution

A

cosmology

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3
Q

birth of the universe, expansion of the universe with explosion of a single particle

A

big bang theory

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4
Q

first proposed big bang theory1927, universe began in a single promodial atom

A

george lemaitre

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5
Q

lengthening in the wavelength expanison of the space

A

cosmological redshift

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6
Q

left over radiation

A

cosmic microwave background

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7
Q

swirling clouds of hydrogen, gas where stars are born

A

nebulae

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8
Q

early stage of star formation

A

protostar

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9
Q

nuclear fusion reactions region
hydrogen + hydrogen -= Helium, energy

A

core

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10
Q

energy absorbed and reemitted

A

radiation zone

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11
Q

energy is transferred, hot goes rise, cold gases sink, circulation currents

A

convection zone

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12
Q

temperature indicated by spectral types and true brightness indicated by absolute magnitude

A

hertsprung rusell diagram (h- diagram)

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13
Q

born, radiate energy, expand, explode, the die

A

life cycle of a star

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14
Q

protostar-main sequence- red giant- planetary nebulae-white dwarf

A

low mass star

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15
Q

protostar-main sequence-red supergiant-type II supernova- neutron star or blackhole

A

high mass star

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16
Q

large collecting of stars, basic unit of the universe

A

galaxies

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17
Q

spilled milk, has 3 basic parts

A

milky way galaxy

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18
Q

crowded center

A

nuvlear bulge

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19
Q

spiral arms

A

disk

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20
Q

spherical distribution of star cluster

A

halo

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21
Q

spherical, elliptical, no curved arms

A

elliptical

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22
Q

spiral arms from the central nucleus

A

normal spiral

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23
Q

examples of normal spiral

A

andromeda, sombrero whirlpool

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24
Q

broad bar extends toward from opposite sides

A

barred spiral

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25
example of barred spiral
milky way
26
no geometrical shape
irregular
27
example of irregular
large magellanic cloud and small magellanic cloud
28
gas and dust
protoplanet nebular model/ condensation theory
29
earliest stages in the formation of a planet
protoplanet
30
earth centered model
geocentric model
31
proponent of geocentric model
Claudius ptolemy
32
sun centered model
heliocentric model
33
proponent of heliocentric model
nicolas copernicus
34
law of describing the motion of planets in solar system
kepler's law of planetary motion
35
refined by heliocentric model, planets move in the path of an ellipse of certain dimension
johannes kepler
36
all planets move in elliptical orbits
law of elliptical orbits
37
same area of space in the same amount of time
law of equal areas
38
planets orbital period is proportional to the size of its orbit
law of harmonic motion (harmonic law)
39
have physical, chemical characteristics, earth-like
terrestrial planets
40
terrestrial plantes
mercury venus earth mars
41
closest planet, shortest revolution 88 days, no athmosphere
mercury
42
twin planet of earth, brightest and hottest planet 1 day-243 earth days
venus
43
living blue planet, surface water, shape is spheroid
earth
44
red planet(iron oxide) 2 moons (phobos and deimos) thin atmosphere, 12 or more extinct volcanoes
mars
45
composed of hydrogen, helium, and methane
jovian planets
46
jovian planets
jupiter saturn uranus neptune
47
largest planet, fastest rotating (1 day= 10 hrs) largest moon
jupiter
48
largest moon of jupiter
ganymede
49
4 moons of jupiter
lo, europa, ganymede, callisto
50
lowest density, ringed planet
saturn
51
2nd largest moon in the solar system found in saturn
titan
52
atmosphere compose of hydrogen, helium, appears blue-green it contains methane, tilted
uranus
53
farthest planet, methane and ammonia, twin to Uranus
neptune
54
largest moon of neptune
triton
55
criteria for a solar system body to be a planet
orbit around the sun sufficient mass for self-gravity dominant body within its orbit
56
1st dwarf planet, lies in the asteroid belt between mars and jupiter
ceres
57
discovered ceres
giuseppe piazzi
58
2nd dwarf planets, lies in the kuiper belt beyond neptune
pluto
59
pluto was observed by
clyde tombaugh
60
flew by pluto in july 2015, 1st craft to visit dwarf planet
new horizon spacecraft
61
half of pluto's diameter, synchronous orbit with pluto
charon
62
3rd dwarf planets, has one moon
eris
63
moon of eris
dysnomia
64
minor planets, failed plantes
asteroid
65
largest asteroid
ceres
66
very low albedo
pallas
67
high albedo
vesta
68
ice, dust, rock that orbit sun, a glowing coma and a tail approaches the sun
comets
69
kuiper belt, short orbital period, more frequent appeareance
short period
70
example of short period
halley's comet
71
oort cloud, long orbital period, less frquent
long period
72
example of long period
hale boop comet
73
a star, self-luminous
sun
74
visible surface
photosphere
75
huge regions of cooler material, magnetic field is very intense
sunsposts
76
sudden , bright, explosive events originating on the sun's surface
solar flares
77
filament of excited gas
prominence
78
visible during a solar eclipse
chromospherea
79
crown of light seen during a solar eclipse
corona
80
steam of larged particles causes auroras and tails of comet
solar wind
81
volume of space over which the solar wind extends
heliosphere
82
only natural satellite, brightest object, no water and no atmosphere, surface gravity 1/6 of the earth
moon
83
5th largest moon
earth's moon
84
light colored
lunar highland
85
lower in elevation, dark areas
maria
86
impact of meteoroids
craters
87
streaks that surround craters
rays
88
trenches or valleys
rills
89
some craters and plateus on the moon's surface, opposite side is hidden
tidal clock

TOPNOTCHER (50 decks)

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