Astronomy (Day 12) Flashcards
study of universe, planet origin, solar system
astronomy
universe, properties, structure, evolution
cosmology
birth of the universe, expansion of the universe with explosion of a single particle
big bang theory
first proposed big bang theory1927, universe began in a single promodial atom
george lemaitre
lengthening in the wavelength expanison of the space
cosmological redshift
left over radiation
cosmic microwave background
swirling clouds of hydrogen, gas where stars are born
nebulae
early stage of star formation
protostar
nuclear fusion reactions region
hydrogen + hydrogen -= Helium, energy
core
energy absorbed and reemitted
radiation zone
energy is transferred, hot goes rise, cold gases sink, circulation currents
convection zone
temperature indicated by spectral types and true brightness indicated by absolute magnitude
hertsprung rusell diagram (h- diagram)
born, radiate energy, expand, explode, the die
life cycle of a star
protostar-main sequence- red giant- planetary nebulae-white dwarf
low mass star
protostar-main sequence-red supergiant-type II supernova- neutron star or blackhole
high mass star
large collecting of stars, basic unit of the universe
galaxies
spilled milk, has 3 basic parts
milky way galaxy
crowded center
nuvlear bulge
spiral arms
disk
spherical distribution of star cluster
halo
spherical, elliptical, no curved arms
elliptical
spiral arms from the central nucleus
normal spiral
examples of normal spiral
andromeda, sombrero whirlpool
broad bar extends toward from opposite sides
barred spiral
example of barred spiral
milky way
no geometrical shape
irregular
example of irregular
large magellanic cloud and small magellanic cloud
gas and dust
protoplanet nebular model/ condensation theory
earliest stages in the formation of a planet
protoplanet
earth centered model
geocentric model
proponent of geocentric model
Claudius ptolemy
sun centered model
heliocentric model
proponent of heliocentric model
nicolas copernicus
law of describing the motion of planets in solar system
kepler’s law of planetary motion
refined by heliocentric model, planets move in the path of an ellipse of certain dimension
johannes kepler
all planets move in elliptical orbits
law of elliptical orbits
same area of space in the same amount of time
law of equal areas
planets orbital period is proportional to the size of its orbit
law of harmonic motion (harmonic law)
have physical, chemical characteristics, earth-like
terrestrial planets
terrestrial plantes
mercury
venus
earth
mars
closest planet, shortest revolution 88 days, no athmosphere
mercury
twin planet of earth, brightest and hottest planet
1 day-243 earth days
venus
living blue planet, surface water, shape is spheroid
earth
red planet(iron oxide) 2 moons (phobos and deimos) thin atmosphere, 12 or more extinct volcanoes
mars
composed of hydrogen, helium, and methane
jovian planets
jovian planets
jupiter
saturn
uranus
neptune
largest planet, fastest rotating (1 day= 10 hrs)
largest moon
jupiter
largest moon of jupiter
ganymede
4 moons of jupiter
lo, europa, ganymede, callisto
lowest density, ringed planet
saturn
2nd largest moon in the solar system found in saturn
titan
atmosphere compose of hydrogen, helium, appears blue-green it contains methane, tilted
uranus
farthest planet, methane and ammonia, twin to Uranus
neptune
largest moon of neptune
triton
criteria for a solar system body to be a planet
orbit around the sun
sufficient mass for self-gravity
dominant body within its orbit
1st dwarf planet, lies in the asteroid belt between mars and jupiter
ceres
discovered ceres
giuseppe piazzi
2nd dwarf planets, lies in the kuiper belt beyond neptune
pluto
pluto was observed by
clyde tombaugh
flew by pluto in july 2015, 1st craft to visit dwarf planet
new horizon spacecraft
half of pluto’s diameter, synchronous orbit with pluto
charon
3rd dwarf planets, has one moon
eris
moon of eris
dysnomia
minor planets, failed plantes
asteroid
largest asteroid
ceres
very low albedo
pallas
high albedo
vesta
ice, dust, rock that orbit sun, a glowing coma and a tail approaches the sun
comets
kuiper belt, short orbital period, more frequent appeareance
short period
example of short period
halley’s comet
oort cloud, long orbital period, less frquent
long period
example of long period
hale boop comet
a star, self-luminous
sun
visible surface
photosphere
huge regions of cooler material, magnetic field is very intense
sunsposts
sudden , bright, explosive events originating on the sun’s surface
solar flares
filament of excited gas
prominence
visible during a solar eclipse
chromospherea
crown of light seen during a solar eclipse
corona
steam of larged particles causes auroras and tails of comet
solar wind
volume of space over which the solar wind extends
heliosphere
only natural satellite, brightest object, no water and no atmosphere, surface gravity 1/6 of the earth
moon
5th largest moon
earth’s moon
light colored
lunar highland
lower in elevation, dark areas
maria
impact of meteoroids
craters
streaks that surround craters
rays
trenches or valleys
rills
some craters and plateus on the moon’s surface, opposite side is hidden
tidal clock
