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TOPNOTCHER > Astronomy (Day 12) > Flashcards

Astronomy (Day 12) Flashcards

1
Q

study of universe, planet origin, solar system

A

astronomy

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2
Q

universe, properties, structure, evolution

A

cosmology

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3
Q

birth of the universe, expansion of the universe with explosion of a single particle

A

big bang theory

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4
Q

first proposed big bang theory1927, universe began in a single promodial atom

A

george lemaitre

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5
Q

lengthening in the wavelength expanison of the space

A

cosmological redshift

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6
Q

left over radiation

A

cosmic microwave background

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7
Q

swirling clouds of hydrogen, gas where stars are born

A

nebulae

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8
Q

early stage of star formation

A

protostar

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9
Q

nuclear fusion reactions region
hydrogen + hydrogen -= Helium, energy

A

core

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10
Q

energy absorbed and reemitted

A

radiation zone

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11
Q

energy is transferred, hot goes rise, cold gases sink, circulation currents

A

convection zone

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12
Q

temperature indicated by spectral types and true brightness indicated by absolute magnitude

A

hertsprung rusell diagram (h- diagram)

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13
Q

born, radiate energy, expand, explode, the die

A

life cycle of a star

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14
Q

protostar-main sequence- red giant- planetary nebulae-white dwarf

A

low mass star

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15
Q

protostar-main sequence-red supergiant-type II supernova- neutron star or blackhole

A

high mass star

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16
Q

large collecting of stars, basic unit of the universe

A

galaxies

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17
Q

spilled milk, has 3 basic parts

A

milky way galaxy

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18
Q

crowded center

A

nuvlear bulge

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19
Q

spiral arms

A

disk

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20
Q

spherical distribution of star cluster

A

halo

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21
Q

spherical, elliptical, no curved arms

A

elliptical

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22
Q

spiral arms from the central nucleus

A

normal spiral

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23
Q

examples of normal spiral

A

andromeda, sombrero whirlpool

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24
Q

broad bar extends toward from opposite sides

A

barred spiral

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25
Q

example of barred spiral

A

milky way

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26
Q

no geometrical shape

A

irregular

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27
Q

example of irregular

A

large magellanic cloud and small magellanic cloud

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28
Q

gas and dust

A

protoplanet nebular model/ condensation theory

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29
Q

earliest stages in the formation of a planet

A

protoplanet

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30
Q

earth centered model

A

geocentric model

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31
Q

proponent of geocentric model

A

Claudius ptolemy

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32
Q

sun centered model

A

heliocentric model

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33
Q

proponent of heliocentric model

A

nicolas copernicus

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34
Q

law of describing the motion of planets in solar system

A

kepler’s law of planetary motion

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35
Q

refined by heliocentric model, planets move in the path of an ellipse of certain dimension

A

johannes kepler

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36
Q

all planets move in elliptical orbits

A

law of elliptical orbits

37
Q

same area of space in the same amount of time

A

law of equal areas

38
Q

planets orbital period is proportional to the size of its orbit

A

law of harmonic motion (harmonic law)

39
Q

have physical, chemical characteristics, earth-like

A

terrestrial planets

40
Q

terrestrial plantes

A

mercury
venus
earth
mars

41
Q

closest planet, shortest revolution 88 days, no athmosphere

A

mercury

42
Q

twin planet of earth, brightest and hottest planet
1 day-243 earth days

A

venus

43
Q

living blue planet, surface water, shape is spheroid

A

earth

44
Q

red planet(iron oxide) 2 moons (phobos and deimos) thin atmosphere, 12 or more extinct volcanoes

A

mars

45
Q

composed of hydrogen, helium, and methane

A

jovian planets

46
Q

jovian planets

A

jupiter
saturn
uranus
neptune

47
Q

largest planet, fastest rotating (1 day= 10 hrs)
largest moon

A

jupiter

48
Q

largest moon of jupiter

A

ganymede

49
Q

4 moons of jupiter

A

lo, europa, ganymede, callisto

50
Q

lowest density, ringed planet

A

saturn

51
Q

2nd largest moon in the solar system found in saturn

A

titan

52
Q

atmosphere compose of hydrogen, helium, appears blue-green it contains methane, tilted

A

uranus

53
Q

farthest planet, methane and ammonia, twin to Uranus

A

neptune

54
Q

largest moon of neptune

A

triton

55
Q

criteria for a solar system body to be a planet

A

orbit around the sun
sufficient mass for self-gravity
dominant body within its orbit

56
Q

1st dwarf planet, lies in the asteroid belt between mars and jupiter

A

ceres

57
Q

discovered ceres

A

giuseppe piazzi

58
Q

2nd dwarf planets, lies in the kuiper belt beyond neptune

A

pluto

59
Q

pluto was observed by

A

clyde tombaugh

60
Q

flew by pluto in july 2015, 1st craft to visit dwarf planet

A

new horizon spacecraft

61
Q

half of pluto’s diameter, synchronous orbit with pluto

A

charon

62
Q

3rd dwarf planets, has one moon

A

eris

63
Q

moon of eris

A

dysnomia

64
Q

minor planets, failed plantes

A

asteroid

65
Q

largest asteroid

A

ceres

66
Q

very low albedo

A

pallas

67
Q

high albedo

A

vesta

68
Q

ice, dust, rock that orbit sun, a glowing coma and a tail approaches the sun

A

comets

69
Q

kuiper belt, short orbital period, more frequent appeareance

A

short period

70
Q

example of short period

A

halley’s comet

71
Q

oort cloud, long orbital period, less frquent

A

long period

72
Q

example of long period

A

hale boop comet

73
Q

a star, self-luminous

A

sun

74
Q

visible surface

A

photosphere

75
Q

huge regions of cooler material, magnetic field is very intense

A

sunsposts

76
Q

sudden , bright, explosive events originating on the sun’s surface

A

solar flares

77
Q

filament of excited gas

A

prominence

78
Q

visible during a solar eclipse

A

chromospherea

79
Q

crown of light seen during a solar eclipse

A

corona

80
Q

steam of larged particles causes auroras and tails of comet

A

solar wind

81
Q

volume of space over which the solar wind extends

A

heliosphere

82
Q

only natural satellite, brightest object, no water and no atmosphere, surface gravity 1/6 of the earth

A

moon

83
Q

5th largest moon

A

earth’s moon

84
Q

light colored

A

lunar highland

85
Q

lower in elevation, dark areas

A

maria

86
Q

impact of meteoroids

A

craters

87
Q

streaks that surround craters

A

rays

88
Q

trenches or valleys

A

rills

89
Q

some craters and plateus on the moon’s surface, opposite side is hidden

A

tidal clock

TOPNOTCHER (20 decks)

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