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TOPNOTCHER > Child and Adolescent (Day 38) > Flashcards

Child and Adolescent (Day 38) Flashcards

1
Q

Cognitive development by

A

Jean Piaget

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2
Q

Basic cognitive concepts by Jean Piaget;

The cognitive structure by which individuals intellectually adapt to organize their environment

A

Schema

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3
Q

Basic cognitive concepts by Jean Piaget;

the process of fitting new experience into an existing created schema, adding new information to the schema

A

Assimilation

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4
Q

Basic cognitive concepts by Jean Piaget;

the process of creating new schema

A

Accommodation

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5
Q

Basic cognitive concepts by Jean Piaget;

achieving proper balance between assimilation and accomodations

A

Equilibrium

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6
Q

Stages of cognitive development;
SPCF

A
  1. sensorimotor
  2. preoperational stage
  3. concrete operational stage
  4. formal operational stage
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7
Q

Stages of cognitive development;
SPCF

birth to 2 years (infancy)

A

Sensorimotor

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8
Q

Stages of cognitive development;
SPCF

reflexive in grasping, sucking, reaching. Focuses on the prominence of the senses and muscle movement

A

sensorimotor

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9
Q

Stages of cognitive development;
SPCF

senses and muscle mpovement

A

sensorimotor

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10
Q

Stages of cognitive development;
SPCF

aim to provide a rich and stimulating environment with appropriate objects to play with

A

sensormoto

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11
Q

ability to attend in this stage where he knows that an object still exists even when out of sight

A

object prominence

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12
Q

Stages of cognitive development;
SPCF

2 to 7 years old

A

pre-operational stage

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13
Q

Stages of cognitive development;
SPCF

pre-school

A

pre-operational stage

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14
Q

Pre-operational stage;
SECLIARAT

A
  1. Symbolic function
  2. egocentrism
  3. centration
  4. lack of conservation
  5. irreversibility
  6. animism
  7. realism
  8. artificialism
  9. transductive reasoning
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15
Q

Pre-operational stage;
SECLIARAT

the ability to represent objects and events

A

symbolic functions

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16
Q

Pre-operational stage;
SECLIARAT

tendency of a child to only see his point of view and assume that everyone else also has his same point of view

A

egocentrism

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17
Q

Pre-operational stage;
SECLIARAT

tendency of a child to only focus on one thing or event and exclude other aspects

A

centration

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18
Q

Pre-operational stage;
SECLIARAT

remain unchanged despite looking different

A

lack of conservation

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19
Q

Pre-operational stage;
SECLIARAT

inability to reverse their thinking

A

irreversibility

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20
Q

Pre-operational stage;
SECLIARAT

attribute human like traits to inanimate objects

A

animism

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21
Q

Pre-operational stage;
SECLIARAT

believing that psychological events such as dreams, are real

A

realism

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22
Q

Pre-operational stage;
SECLIARAT

belief that natural events are man-made

A

artificialism

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23
Q

Pre-operational stage;
SECLIARAT

errors in cause-effect relationship

A

transductive reasoning

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24
Q

Stages of cognitive development;
SPCF

7 to 11 years old

A

concrete operational stage

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25
Q

Stages of cognitive development;
SPCF

elementary years

A

concrete operational stage

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26
Q

Stages of cognitive development;
SPCF

this stage is characterized by the ability of the child to think logically but only in terms of concrete objects/real objects

A

concrete operational stage

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27
Q

Concrete operational stage;
DRCSCI

A
  1. decentering
  2. reversibility
  3. conservation
  4. seriation
  5. classification
  6. inductive reasoning
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28
Q

Concrete operational stage;
DRCSCI

perceive the different features of object and situations

A

decentering

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29
Q

Concrete operational stage;
DRCSCI

certain operations can be done in reverse

A

reversibility

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30
Q

Concrete operational stage;
DRCSCI

certain properties of objects like number, mass, volume, or area do not change even if there is a change in appearance

A

conservation

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31
Q

Concrete operational stage;
DRCSCI

ability to arrange things in a series based on one dimension such as weight, volume, size

A

seriation

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32
Q

Concrete operational stage;
DRCSCI

classify things according to one dimension/aspect

A

classification

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33
Q

Concrete operational stage;
DRCSCI

from specific to general

A

inductive reasoning

34
Q

Stages of cognitive development;
SPCF

11 years old and above

A

formal operational stage

35
Q

Stages of cognitive development;
SPCF

adolescence & above

A

formal operational stage

36
Q

Stages of cognitive development;
SPCF

thinking becomes more logical. They can now solve abstract problems and can hypothesize

A

formal operational stage

37
Q

formal operational stage;
HAD

A
  1. hypothetical reasoning
  2. analogical reasoning
  3. deductive reasoning
38
Q

formal operational stage;
HAD

come up with different hypothesis about a problem and weigh data to make judgement

A

hypothetical reasoning

39
Q

formal operational stage;
HAD

ability to receive the relationship in one instance and use that relationship to narrow down possible answers in similar options

A

analogical reasoning

40
Q

formal operational stage;
HAD

ability to think logically by applying a general rue to to a particular

A

deductive reasoning

41
Q

Socio-cultural theory by

A

Lev Vygotsky

42
Q

theory is that social interaction plays a very important role in cognitive development

A

socio-cultural theory

43
Q

two central factors in cognitive development by lev vygotsky

A

social interaction
culture

44
Q

is also another factor in the cognitive development

A

language

45
Q

a form of self-talk that guides the child’s thinking and action

A

Private speech

46
Q

is the difference between what a child can accomplish alone and what she can accomplish with the guidance of another

A

Zone proximal development

47
Q

the zone represents ______ where a knowledgeable adults such as teacher or parent or more advanced peer can assist the child’s development

A

learning opportunity

48
Q

competent adult or more advance peer

A

more knowledgeable other

49
Q

the support or assistance that lets the child accomplish a task he cannot accomplish independently

A

Scaffolding

50
Q

Scaffoldings should involves ________assistance given by the adult or peer so that the child can move form the zone of actual development to the proximal development

A

Judicious

51
Q

Piaget vs Vygotsky

more individual in focus

A

Piaget

52
Q

Piaget vs Vygotsky

believed that there are universal stages of cognitive development

A

Piaget

53
Q

Piaget vs Vygotsky

did not give much emphasis on language

A

Piaget

54
Q

Piaget vs Vygotsky

more social in focus`

A

Vygotsky

55
Q

Piaget vs Vygotsky

did not propose stages but emphasized on cultural factors in cognitive development

A

Vygotsky

56
Q

Piaget vs Vygotsky

stressed the role of language in cognitive development

A

Vygotsky

57
Q

Moral development theory by

A

Lawrence Kohlberg

58
Q

Kohlberg’s stages of moral development;
PCP

A

level 1 pre-conventional
level 2 conventional
level 3 post-conventional

59
Q

Kohlberg’s stages of moral development;
PCP

Do not really understand the conventions/rules of society

A

level 1 pre-conventional

60
Q

Kohlberg’s stages of moral development;
PCP

they know what is right or wrong but don’t understand

A

level 1 pre-conventional

61
Q

level 1 pre-conventional;
PI

A

stage 1. punishment-obedience orientation
stage 2. instrumental relativist orientation

62
Q

level 1 pre-conventional;
PI

consequences of acts determine whether they’re good or bad/ based the morality on punishment

A

stage 1 punishment-obedience orientation

63
Q

level 1 pre-conventional;
PI

the ethics of “what’s in for me?” obeying rules and exchanging favors are judged in terms of the benefit to the individual, mutual benefits

A

stage 2 instrumental relativist orientation

64
Q

Kohlberg’s stages of moral development;
PCP

children knew right & wrong and understand it, people at this stage conform to the conventions/rules of society

A

conventional

65
Q

conventional;
GL

A
  1. good boy- nice girl orientation
  2. law and order orientation
66
Q

conventional;
GL

ethical decision are based on concern for or the opinions of others/ social approval

A

stage 3 good boy-nice girl orientation

67
Q

conventional;
GL

right behavior consist in doing one’s duty, showing respect for authority, and maintaining the given social order for its own sake

A

stage 4 law and order orientation

68
Q

Kohlberg’s stages of moral development;
PCP

the moral principles that underline the conventions of a society are understood

A

post-conventional

69
Q

post-conventional;
SU

A
  1. social contract orientationpost-conventional;
    SU
  2. universal ethical principle orientation
70
Q

post-conventional;
SU

rules and laws represent agreements among people about behavior that benefits society.

A

stage 5 Social contract orientation

71
Q

post-conventional;
SU

right is defined by the decision of conscience in accord with self-chosen ethical principles, we make our personal moral code

A

stage 6 universal ethical principle orientation

72
Q

metacognition by

A

John Flavell

73
Q

thinking about thinking
learning how to learn

A

metacognition

74
Q

3 categories of metacognition;
PTS

A
  1. person variable
  2. task variable
  3. strategy variable
75
Q

3 categories of metacognition;
PTS

how human beings learn and process information, know how you learn, multiple intelligences

A

person variable

76
Q

3 categories of metacognition;
PTS

knowledge about the nature of the tasks, demands

A

task variable

77
Q

3 categories of metacognition;
PTS

involve awareness of the strategy, evaluating whether the strategy is effcetive

A

task variable

78
Q

Strategy variables;
AM

A
  1. meta-attention
  2. meta-memory
79
Q

Strategy variables;
AM

specific strategies

A

meta-attention

80
Q

Strategy variables;
AM

memory strategies

A

meta-memory

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