History β³ | Zero extent π | 2.2 Flashcards
What was the Affair over the Γ land islands?
Finland owned the Aland islands, but there was a 95% Swedish population and they were claiming ownership of the island, and it was causing conflict.
When was the dispute over the Γ land islands referred to the council of the League of Nations?
in June 1920
How did the League of Nations investigate the Aland islands issue?
They ordered an investigation that scrutinized the claims and counter claims.
What was the League of Nationβs conclusion over what to do with the Aland islands?
The conclusion was that Finland should keep the islands while recommending giving autonomy to the swedes as they were 95% of the population and should keep tradition.
Why were the Γ land islands not given to Sweden?
They wanted to avoid other Swedish communities in Finland making similar claims or other minority groups in Europe doing the same.
Where are the Γ land islands located?
Between Sweden and Finland in the ocean.
Define minority.
A recognisable group of people whose religion, language, culture, or ethnicity is different from that of most people (majority) in a country or region.
Define autonomy.
The independence of an individual, or a group or a region to make decisions for itself without always asking permission.
The conference of Ambassadors were based in __
Based in Paris, formed at the⦠Paris peace conference.
The conference of Ambassadors acts as __
a diplomatic body representing the great powers
What does the conference of ambassadors supervise?
They supervise the completion of issues not resolved by the treaties.
Who was marking the border between Albania and __ after WW1?
Italian German Tellini and 4 assistants began marking border between Albania and Greece (who had been fighting over it after WW1).
When was the Corfu incident?
1923
What happened to the people marking the border between Albania and Greece?
The 4 + Tellini were murdered, and Greek authorities were unable to arrest anyone for the murders
Because Greek authorities were unable to arrest anyone for the murders, __
Italian leader Benito βIl Duceβ Mussolini ordered the forceful occupation of the island corfu, to force compensation for Telliniβs death.
When Greece appealed to the Council about The island of Corfu, what did Italy argue?
They argued that their occupation of the island was not an act of war.
Where is Corfu?
Between Albania and Greece. It is an island.
Who represented Britain in the council during the Corfu incident?
Robert Cecil, a noble noble noble noble noble man whoβs last name rhymes with βBasilβ.
What did Robert Cecil argue in the Corfu incident?
He disputed what Italy said about not committing an act of war, aiming to take a hard line against Italians, imposing Sanctions, and putting some British navy off the coast of Corfu.
How did the British government step into the Corfu incident?
They worried that upsetting the Italian government would damage their trade relations with Italy. Instead of taking a hard line against Italy, the council decided to send a commission to the Albanian-Greek border.
What was the conclusion of the investigation of the murder of Tellini?
It was concluded there was no evidence Greece had failed to investigate the murder.
When did the conference of ambassadors consider the report of the murder of Tellini?
On 25 Sept 1923, the conference of ambassadors met to discuss the report.
What was the result of the Corfu incident?
Greece was made to pay 50 million lire due to Italian pressure and 2 days later Italians evacuated Corfu.
When was the Great Greco-Bulgarian Border incident?
1925
What was the starting event that sparked the Greco-Bulgarian issue?
On the border between Greece and Bulgaria, soldiers play a game of cards which results in a murder of 2 people, others fleeing
How did Greece react to the murders of the card game?
They ordered attack on Bulgaria
Why did Greece order an attack on Bulgaria?
News reached the Greek government that Bulgarians have βlaunched an invasionβ, but it was a lot more exaggerated than what really happened.
After hearing that Greece would declare war on Bulgaria, the _ informed _
The Bulgarian Foreign Minister informed the president of the Council of the League of Nations and wanted help.
How did the League stop further conflict at the Greco-Bulgarian border?
President of council telegraphs both sides to end military action, council meets and instructs both sides to withdraw from border.
Was the ending of military action at the Greco-Bulgarian border followed through with? How?
British, French and Italian officials were sent to the site to confirm that the instructions had been obeyed.
After stopping further conflict at the Greco-Bulgarian border, the League ordered a _
A commission who visits area for 3 days to assess the situation
What was the result of the commission at the Greco-Bulgarian border?
They find that Greece stole Bulgarian cattle and crops as they left; Greece ordered to pay compensation.
How much did Greece have to pay Bulgaria for stealing cattle?
Greece ordered to pay 30 million Bulgarian levas to Bulgaria in compensation.
What made the Leagueβs intervention at the Greco-Bulgarian border a bit less impressive?
- It was not a time Greece and Bulgaria were in a position for a war
- They were both allied to a great power which may have increased the chances, or decreased the chances of leading to a war.
What is the case study that rhymes with βWill-Knee-Usβ?
Vilnius!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
When was the Vilnius situation?
1920
Where is the city of Vilnius located?
In between Poland and Lithuania border
What was the issue of the Vilnius incident?
After WW1, the city of Vilnius was recognized as part of Lithuania - But the border left unclear in the TOV.
What did Poland do after the unclear-ness of the border?
Poland contacts the Council for Assistance
Why was it difficult to decide which country Vilnius belonged to?
The population was a mixture of Poles Jews and Lithuanians. They were divided over which country they feel belonged to
What sparked the Vilnius issue?
A polish general marches into the city Vilnius with soldiers, Lithuania was not a league member but raised the issue with the assembly
What was the Leagueβs original intent of how to deal with the Polish general and how did it fail?
Their first intentions were to send international police force to the city, but Switzerland didnβt let them cross
What did the League do temporarily before deciding what to do with Vilnius?
Sends a commissions that draws up provisional border. Both sides sign it.
Who created the report over what to do with Vilnius?
Paul βHorridβ Hymans β Belgian representative.
What was recommended in the Hyman plan?
- Both Polish and Lithuaniaβs languages were given official status
- All minorities should have equal rights to religion, education, language, association
- Efforts be made to align the two countryβs foreign and economic policies
When did Vilnius become an official part of Poland?
In Mar 1923, Vilnius officially part of Poland
Define Wall street.
Name given to the US market for stocks and shares of companies.
When did the League decide they had given up on Vilnius?
In Jan 1922, League announces they have exhausted all options
Why did the Hyman plan fail?
It was rejected by both sides
What happened after the League gave up on Vilnius?
They allow the city to be occupied by Polish soldiers.
Define βdictatorshipβ
One person governs a country without holding elections, and without being restrained by a parliament, keeping themselves in power using the army and police.
What was the great depression?
The Great Depression was a series of connected economic changes that hits the worldβs countries from 1929 and lasted well into the 1930s.
How was the wall street doing in the first 9 years of the 1920s?
It was doing well; people bought lost of shares in the 1920s as investments made a good profit.
During the 1920s, the US economy _
grew quickly
Why did the great depression happen?
Production of goods and foods reached a point that the demand is satisfied completely. With overproduction and falling demand, the capitalist economies break down
What was black thursday?
People sell stocks on βblack thursdayβ; in a week prices drop suddenly. People lose their investments.
