History Ⳡ| The collapse of international peace 𧱠| 3.1 Flashcards
Opinions on if appeasement is justified not included
What were the two main wars in the 1930s?
- The war in Asia with the Japanese expansion, starting with the Manchurian invasion of 1931
- The war in Europe in September 1939
For what reasons did Germany, Japan, and Italy come closer together in the 1930s?
- All were angered by Paris Peace Conference treaties
- All has strong Nationalistic and Militaristic policies
- Expansion plans didnβt overlap
Where did Japan want to expand in the 1930s?
To parts of China such as Manchuria
Where did Italy want to expand in the 1930s?
In Africa (Abyssinia)
Why did Italy want to expand into Africa in the 1930s?
Because it was away from Europe, where Britain and France didnβt have too much hold
Define fascism
Extreme militaristic nationalism, contempt for electoral democracy, belief in social hierarchy, a rule of elites, and the idea that the nationβs interests are more important than individuals
How was Italy led in the 1930s?
By Mussolini and Fascists, with public support
When did Italy originally join the allied powers?
1915
Why was Italy unsatisfied with the outcome of WW1?
- They didnβt recieve the Adriatic Port of Fiume
- They were not given enough German colonies
How could the Adriatic port of Fiume have helped Italy?
It gave access to the Adriatic sea, which would have been very helpful for trade
What did Mussolini want to achieve for Italy?
βA new Roman Empireβ:
More space for Italyβs growing population
How did Hitler and Mussolini react to the Abyssinian crisis?
After Britain and France were seen to be double sided in their own interests with the Hoare-Laval plan, they were exposed. Thus, Hitler and Mussolini were happy at the crisisβ outcome
What was the Rome-Berlin axis?
The coalition between fascist Germany and Italy
When did Italy withdraw from the League?
1937
Define pact
A treaty, a written agreement between two countries to act together in a particular way
What was βthe cominternβ
A soviet-led organisation that was designed to promote communist ideologies outside of the USSR
What was the anti-comintern pact?
A treaty for 5 years to agree not to sign contracts with the Soviets and stop the spread of communism
Who created the anti-comintern pact?
Germany and Japan
When was the anti-comintern pact created?
Nov 1936
When does Italy join the anti-comintern pact?
1937
What was the axis alliance?
The name of the alliance between Germany, Japan, and Italy after Italy joined the anti-comintern pact
Why was Japan keen to expand in the 1930s?
Japan wanted to expand as their population was growing at a rate too fast for their own resources having to sustain. They had to import a lot.
What % of Japanβs oil did they have to import from the US in the early 1930s?
55%
Who rules Japan in the 1930s?
A dictatorship led by the military but largely supported by the public
Why was Japan a threat to the great powers in the 1930s?
- They invaded Manchuria, providing the Leagueβs first threat from a major power
- They left the league and withdrew from the disarmament conference
When did Japan invade Manchuria?
1931
When did Japan leave the League?
1933
When did Japan withdraw from the disarmament conference?
1936
When did Japan sign the tripartite pact?
1940
