Geography π | Population! π¨βπ©βπ§βπ¦ | Deck 2 Flashcards
What is βanti-natalistβ and βpro-natalistβ
Anti natalist is when procreation is discouraged, pro natalist is when it is encouraged.
What part of the world has the most countries with a declining population?
East Europe.
What is Brain drain?
Emigration of highly educated people who leave for better pay and opportunities.
What led to China getting overpopulated?
The Chinese government encouraged people to have large families, to gain military strength and for the people to help with agricultural (farming) production, which led to overpopulation.
When did China implement policies to increase population?
The 1940s.
How did the Chinese government first address the overpopulation (before the INFAMOUS policy)
They simply did standard things to encourage people to have fewer children.
What is the one child policy?
The policy in China that stated that couples in China could only have one child.
When was the one child policy implemented?
1979.
Along with the once child policy, what was the marriable age changed to?
22 for men and 20 for women!
What was the consequence of breaking the one child policy?
You would be fined for having more children, and giving them a good education and job opportunities was harder.
How did the one child policy lead to lots of kids in orphanages?
Baby girls were placed in orphanages.
How did the one child policy lead to a gender imbalance in China?
People would abort girls until they had a boy, since having a boy was preferable to many.
How would a second child during the one-child policyβs life be affected?
They would be undocumented, making it very hard to find work or education.
What happened to the elderly dependency rate in China after the one child policy?
It increased a lot, as only once child was had per generation, making it so that there are far more elderly people.
What were the exceptions of the one child policy?
Some people in rural areas were able to have two, as well as ethnic minorities. Rich people who could afford the fines for having more children also had more children.
Why were people in rural areas and ethnic minorities allowed more than one child during the one child policy?
Farmers in rural needed more workforce to help in farms, and many ethnic minorities worked in farming. The government also didnβt want ethnic minorities to die out.
How was the fertility rate affected throughout the one child policy?
It decreased from 5.8 to 1.7.
How many births were prevented due to the once child policy?
400 million.
When did the one child policy end?
2016, 2 child limit.
How many abortions were made in the one child policy?
300 million.
When was the two child policy lightened to a three child limit?
2021.
How many βmissing womenβ are there in China?
Over 50 million who were not born due to the one child policy.
Why did Chinaβs government introduce the 3 child limit?
They saw a dramatic DECREASE in birth rate after the 2 child policy through a census.
Why doesnβt China completely remove restrictions to the child limit?
In rural areas, people may still want to have many children, as the stigma has not changed as much there.
Define migration.
The relatively permanent movement of people across borders is referred to as migration, or emigration and immigration when boundaries are international.
Define Immigration.
Movement of people into a country from another.
Define Emigration.
Movement of people out of a country.
Define Forced migration.
When a migrant has to leave because of intolerable circumstances or genuine fear for their life.
Define International migration.
Movement of people across national frontiers for a minimum of 1 year.
Define rural-urban migration.
Movement of people between the countryside and city: Rural-urban in LEDCs, and urban-rural in MEDCs.
Define Voluntary migration.
Migrant has chosen to migrate - usually for economic reasons.
Define Temporary migration.
Migrant does not intend to remain in new location permanently.
