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IGCSEs > History ⏳ | Germany Depth: Weimar? More like Whymar 🍻 | 6.1b > Flashcards

History ⏳ | Germany Depth: Weimar? More like Whymar 🍻 | 6.1b Flashcards

1
Q

When were the reparations for Germany announced?

A

In the 1921 reparations commision

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2
Q

How did the reparations commision increase tensions between France and Germany?

A
  • Germany couldn’t pay the money
  • France’s security laid in the ToV being upheld but if Germany wouldn’t pay this would be a threat to their security

France needed the money to rebuild their economy

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3
Q

When were the Wiesbaden Accords?

A

Oct 1921

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4
Q

What were the Wiesbaden accords?

A

An agreement between Germany and France to renegotiate the harsh reparations. France would take raw materials rather than cash.

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5
Q

Who was the French prime minister in 1922?

A

Raymond Poincare

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6
Q

How did the French prime minister heighten the reaction to Germany wanting to suspend reparation payments?

A

The prime minister in 1922 was very nationalistic.

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7
Q

Why did the French occupy the Ruhr valley?

A

Germany asked for reparation payments to be suspended for four years, and the French felt this would jeapordise the ToV.

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8
Q

When was the Ruhr occupation?

A

Jan 1923

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9
Q

Which countries occupied the Ruhr?

A

The French and Belgians with support of Italy

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10
Q

How did the German government respond to the Ruhr occupation?

A

The German Chancellor Wilhelm Cuno said that the occupation went against the ToV, and workers striked so they wouldn’t be forced to work.

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11
Q

How did France try to maintain Ruhr industry during the strikes?

A

They encouraged the unemployed in France and Belgium to work in the Ruhr valley

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12
Q

How did France try to stop resistance in the Ruhr valley?

A

They tried to arrest German police and strike leaders

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13
Q

What form of resistance was used by workers in the Ruhr valley?

A

Passive resistance

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14
Q

How did the Weimar republic encourage the Ruhr valley workers to continue striking?

A

As there wasn’t any industrial output from the Ruhr, the government had to pay workers with printed money

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15
Q

How did German hyperinflation begin?

A

With the government printing money for Ruhr workers, the value of money decreased at a fast rate.

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16
Q

In Jan 1914, how much was Β£1 worth in German marks?

A

20 marks

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17
Q

In Jan 1922, how much was Β£1 worth in German marks?

A

760 marks

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18
Q

In Nov 1922, how much was Β£1 worth in German marks?

A

50,000 marks

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19
Q

In Nov 1923 how much was Β£1 worth in German marks?

A

16,000,000,000 marks

(16 billion marks!)

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20
Q

In Jan 1922, how many tonnes of coal production in the Ruhr was there?

A

90 million tonnes of coal production

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21
Q

In Feb 1923, how many tonnes of coal production in the Ruhr was there?

A

2.5 million tonnes of coal production

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22
Q

What would people use to fuel fires during German hyperinflation?

A

Bank notes! It was so worthless!

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23
Q

Who was Gustav Stresemann?

A

The chancellor of Weimar Germany in 1923 and DVP founder. Next, he was foreign minister.

The DVP was a right wing party

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24
Q

When did Gustav Stresemann become chancellor?

A

Aug 1923

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25
Q

How did Stresemann’s opinion towards the Weimar republic change?

A

Originally, he opposed the republic, even supporting Freikorps. But as he noticed the extremist uprisings he realised the alternatives were not that great.

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26
Q

What were Stresemann’s successful economic reforms?

A
  • Calling off the Ruhr strikes
  • Replacing the mark with the Retenmark and Reichsmark
  • Appointing Hjalmar Schacht
  • The Dawes plan
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27
Q

What was the retenmark?

When was it introduced?

A

A temporary form of currency introduced to replace the worthless German mark

It was introduced in 1923

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28
Q

What was the reichsmark?

When was it introduced?

A

The permanent new German currency to replace the mark, with equal value to the retenmark

It was introduced in 1924

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29
Q

Who was Hjalmar Schacht?

Possibly the most important historical figure you will ever know

A

Amazin, incredible, wonderful expert financer for the Reichsbank. ~~This man singlehandedly fixed every problem ever~~

Then again, he also paid a role in convincing Hindenburg to appoint Hitler as chancellor

Harry Patch is a close second.

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30
Q

When was the Dawes plan proposed?

A

Apr 1924

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31
Q

When was the Dawes plan accepted?

A

Sept 1924

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32
Q

What did the Dawes plan say about reparations?

A

The reparations stayed the same at 50 billion marks, but
- For the first 5 years, Germany only had to pay 1 billion marks a year
- Afterwards, they had to pay 2.5 billion marks a year

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33
Q

What loans were offered during the Dawes plan?

A

The US loaned 800 million marks to Germany

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34
Q

What was the young plan?

A

Another restructuring of German reparations, this time reducing the amount that had to be paid.

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35
Q

When was the Young plan proposed?

A

Aug 1929

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36
Q

When was the Young Plan accepted?

A

Jan 1930

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37
Q

What did the Young Plan say about reparations?

A

The total amount was reduced by 20%.
- Germany had to pay 2 billion marks per year
- 2/3rds of the money Germany had to pay could be postponed each year
- Payments would end in 1988

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38
Q

What loans were offered to Germany during the Young Plan?

A

The US banks would continue to loan Germany money, coordinated by JP morgan banks.

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39
Q

For how long was Stresemann chancellor?

Like, the dates.

A

Aug 13 - Nov 23 1923

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40
Q

After Stresemann stopped being chancellor, what position did he take?

A

Foreign minister

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41
Q

For how long was Stresemann foreign minister?

Like, the dates

A

Aug 1923 - Oct 1929

42
Q

What were Stresemann’s economic failures?

A
  • Unemployment didn’t fall below 1.3 million
  • Uneven economic growth
  • Trade deficit
  • Professional middle class was bankrupted by inflation
  • Agriculultural depression
43
Q

In which year was there a decline in the German economy?

A

1926

44
Q

When was the global grain surplus that put many Weimar farmers in debt?

A

1925-26

45
Q

What were Stresemann’s political achievements?

A
  • No coups and assasinations from 1924-29
  • Swing in support for more centrist parties
  • The Grand Coalition under Hermann Muller
46
Q

When was the Grand Coalition under Hermann Muller?

A

1928

47
Q

How much Reichstag support did the Grand Coalition under Hermann Muller have?

A

60%

48
Q

What were Stresemann’s political failures?

A
  • Many of the coalitions formed found cooperation difficult
  • There were disputes over minor things like the country’s flag
  • It was assumed that Ebert would be reelected, but he unexpectedly died.
49
Q

When did Ebert die?

A

Feb 1925

50
Q

What were Stresemann’s foreign policy triumphs?

A
  • The Locarno Pact reassured France
  • After the Locarno Pact allies withdrew from zone 1 of the Rhineland
  • Germany joined the League in 1926
  • The Treaty of Berlin continued good USSR relations
51
Q

When was the Locarno Pact?

A

1925

52
Q

What did the Locarno Pact agree on?

A
  • Guaranteeing German Western Borders
  • Withdrawing allied forces from Rhineland
  • Mutually guaranteed peace in Western Europe
53
Q

When did Allies wihdraw from zone 1 of the Rhineland?

A

Dec 1925

54
Q

What did the Treaty of Berlin agree on?

A
  • Renewing the Treaty of Rapallo
  • Pledged Neutrality in the event of an attack on the other by a third pary

Note: The Treaty of Rapallo secretly agreed on Soviet-German military cooperation. German troops could train in Soviet territory to get around the ToV terms.

55
Q

When was the Treaty of Berlin?

A

1926

56
Q

When was the Treaty of Rapallo?

A

1922

57
Q

What were the negative reactions to Stresemann’s foreign policy from 1924-29?

A
  • Nationalists felt the actions showed an acceptance of the ToV
  • Communists felt it was a plot against the government
58
Q

From 1925-29, how much did German exports rise?

A

By 40%

59
Q

By which year had German industry reached the same level of production as pre-war?

A

1928

60
Q

Define carabet

A

A form of entertainment in nightclubs often geared towards an adult audience

In Weimar Germany too

61
Q

What was the Weimar golden age?

A

The period of time in Germany where the economy of Germany boomed and cultural life flourished

62
Q

When was the Weimar golden age?

A

1923-29

63
Q

What changes were made to the lives of women in the Weimar republic?

A
  • Women over 20 could vote
  • Women could go out unaccompanied
  • Women could drink, cut their hair short, and wear make-up
64
Q

By 1933 how many women were teachers?

A

100,000

65
Q

By 1933 how many women were doctors?

A

3000

66
Q

What did opposition towards women’s rights in the golden age say?

A
  • Being unaccompanied risked public safety
  • Women drinking and smoking was a health risk
  • It was too unconventional; women supposed to be housewives
67
Q

How did the Weimar golden age make it easier to build houses?

A

There was increased investment, tax breaks, land grands, and cheap loans used to build more houses.

68
Q

How many houses were built between 1924-31 in Germany?

A

2 million

69
Q

When was an unemployment insurance introduced in Weimar Germany?

A

1927

70
Q

What was the unemployment insurance in the Weimar republic?

A

Workers and businesses would pay a small amount each month. If a worker lost their job, this money would be used to provide them with aid.

71
Q

Which groups were given extra benefits during the Weimar golden age?

A

Single mothers, war veterans, disabled

72
Q

Which groups were given extra benefits during the Weimar golden age?

A

Single mothers, war veterans, disabled

73
Q

How much were wages increased in the Weimar republic?

A

By 1928, there was an increase in real wages of over 10%

74
Q

Why did some groups disagree with the increased benefits given out in the Weimar golden age?

A

-The right-wing may have seen it as a push towards -gasp- equality

75
Q

Why didn’t many of the middle classes beneit from increased wages?

During the golden age

A

They were bankrupted due to hyperinflation and unemployment remained high for lawyers, civil servants, and teachers

76
Q

How did art change in the Weimar Golden Era?

A
  • Germany was the forefront of new stylles and movements
  • Artists depicted everyday life to comment on the society at the time.
77
Q

What was Neue Sachlichkeit?

A

New Objectivity, where art showed everyday life and commented on society

78
Q

Name

Two famous artists that were influential during the Weimar republic golden era.

A

George Grosz and Otto
Dix

79
Q

Why was there pushback against the art developments in the Weimar Golden age?

A
  • Rules of art were being broken
  • Art that was previously sort after by the rich seemed less appealing due to highlighting the working class
80
Q

How did cinema develop during the Weimar golden age?

A
  • Berlin led world cinema
  • Many films showed new, anti-war, feminist messages
81
Q

Which two directors made more films than the rest of Europe during the Weimar golden era?

A

Fritz Lan and Ernst Lubitsch

82
Q

Why were some people unhappy about the developments in Weimar cinema?

A

The feminist anti-military messages angered the right-wing, such as the Freikorps.

83
Q

What was the new architectural school set up during the Weimar golden era?

Who created it?

A

The Bahaus School of design by Walter Gropius

84
Q

What made the new architectural developments in the Weimar golden age significant?

A

Unlike the previous elaborate style, the new styles used very basic shapes and colors

85
Q

Who was angered by the Bauhaus school?

A

The Nazis, who took it down once they got power.

86
Q

Why did the Weimar golden age… start?

Culturally

A

Germany had just recovered well from an economic collapse. There was a feeling to make the most of the money the people had, and thus lavish spending started.

87
Q

Why were Fascists angered by the golden age?

A
  • Much anti-war art
  • Social conventions destroyed: lack of leadership
  • Worker benefits
  • They were pushed out by the grand coalition
  • Too much freedoms
88
Q

Why was the center-right angered by the golden age?

A
  • Anti-war art, not as nationalistic
  • Drastic change of attitude towards women
89
Q

Why were communists angered by the golden age?

A
  • The new art was only available to the wealthy
  • They were pushed out by the grand coaliton
  • Unnecesary consumerism
90
Q

When did Germany miss their payment of timber?

A

Dec 1922

91
Q

When did Germany miss their payment of coal?

A

1923

92
Q

When did Germany join the League of Nations?

A

1926

93
Q

When was there a communist uprising in the Ruhr valley?

Yes, this happened though we didn’t learn about it

Textbook pg 187 has more info

A

1920

94
Q

How did communists gather power in the Ruhr valley?

A

They created a large army

95
Q

How many members did the Ruhr army have?

A

50,000

96
Q

How was the Ruhr uprising stopped?

A

The Freikorps and the Army stopped them by force

97
Q

How many workers were killed in the Ruhr uprising?

A

1000

98
Q

How many soldiers and policemen were killed in the Ruhr uprising?

A

250

99
Q

How did the communists β€œcontinue to cause trouble” till 1923*

**Hey, it’s the words of the textbook*

A

Strikes and demonstrations

100
Q

How many of the murderers of politicians between 1919-22 in the Weimar republic were convicted?

A

28 convictions

101
Q

How many of the murderers of politicians between 1919-22 in the Weimar republic were given a death penalty?

A

One.

end of 6.1

IGCSEs (68 decks)

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