History β³ | Germany Depth: Rise of the Nazis π· | 6.2a Flashcards
1
Q
What was the nazi party (NSDAP) originally called?
A
The DAP
German workerβs party
2
Q
Who founded the DAP?
A
Anton Drexler, railroad worker in Munich
3
Q
How did the DAP turn into the Nazi party?
A
Adolf Hitler joined the party, and was put in charge of propaganda & political ideas of the party.
4
Q
When did Hitler join the DAP?
A
1919
5
Q
When was the DAP renamed to the NSDAP?
A
1920
6
Q
When was the 25-point program issued?
A
1920
7
Q
What was the 25 point program?
A
Points drawn up by Hitler as a vision of a βperfect Germanyβ. It was based on nationalism, and full of anti-Semitism. It was the basis of the NSDAPβs beliefs
8
Q
What did the NSDAPβs 25 points say about religion?
A
βWe demand freedom of religion for all religious denominations within the state so long as they do not endanger its existence or oppose the moral senses of the Germanic raceβ
Basically, freedom of religion unless we dont like u
9
Q
What did the NSDAPβs 25 points say about territory and land?
A
βWe demand land and teritory to feed our people and settle our surplus populationβ
Basically, the idea of Lebensraum
10
Q
What did the NSDAPβs 25 points say about self-determination?
A
βWe demand the union of all Germans in a greater Germany on the basis of the right of self-determinationβ
Basically, the justification for Anschluss
11
Q
What did the NSDAPβs 25 points say about citizenship?
A
βOnly members of the nation may be citizens of the state. Only those of German blood, whatever their creed, may be members of the nation. Accordingly, no Jew may be a member of the nationβ
Basically, their kind way of saying βJews go shooβ
12
Q
What did the NSDAPβs 25 points say about private businesses?
A
βWe demand the nationalisation of all businesses that have been formed into corporationβ
Basically, socialism (kinda)
13
Q
What quality of Hitler created a lot of support for the Nazis?
A
Hitler was an inspirational speaker, with a lot of charisma
14
Q
How did Hitler stir up audiences using his charisma?
A
- He gave Germans scapegoats for their problems and reason for German superiority
- Hitler moved the blame off of the Germans, by talking about how the Jews and the November criminals were to blame for their problems and the economic crisises within Germany.
- He elevated his listeners to a superior, Aryan race
15
Q
When did Hitler take leadership of the Nazis?
A
July 29 1921
16
Q
When was the SA introduced?
A
1921
17
Q
When Hitler took control of the Nazi party, what actions did he take?
A
- Setting up the SA
- Introducing the Swastika
- Buying the Munich newspaper Volkischer Beobachter
- Introducing the Heil Hitler salute
18
Q
What does the SA stand for?
A
Sturm Abteilung
19
Q
What was the purpose of the SA in early years?
(1921 ish)
A
- Dealing with violence that appeared at Nazi meetings when opposition parties stormed in
- Protecting leading Nazis
- Uh, distrupting political opponents in their meetings
20
Q
Who did the SA originally consist of?
A
Ex-soldiers and the unemployed, often untrained
21
Q
Who was Franz Von Saloman?
A
The leader of the SA from 1925
22
Q
What does the SS stand for?
A
Schutzstaffel
spelling is important.
23
Q
When was the SS introduced?
A
1925
24
Q
What was the purpose of the SS?
A
- Being Hitlerβs personal bodyguards
- Being better (better trained and more experienced) than the SA
25
Originally, the SS was just a ___ of the SA
Originally, the SS was just a small subdivision of the SA
26
Who took over and expanded the SS?
Himmler
27
When did Himmler take over the SS?
1929
28
What qualities were SS members selected upon?
Racial purity and blind obedience
29
How many SS members were there by 1933?
**35,000**
30
The Munich Putsch is also known as the ___
Beer Hall Putsh
31
When was the Beer Hall Putsch?
Nov 8 - Nov 9 1923
32
What was the goal of the Munich Putsch?
To seize power in Bavaria with the Nazis
33
Who was the popular figurehead Hitler planned to use in the Munich Putsch?
Erich Ludendorff
34
How many Nazi members were there in 1923?
20,000
35
Who was Ludendorff?
A popular right-wing WW1 general
36
Who did Hitler need the support of in order for the Munich Putsch to be successful?
The Bavarian State Government:
- Gustav Von Kahr
- General Otto Von Lossow
37
Who was General Otto von Lossow?
The Bavarian army commander
38
Who was Gustav von Kahr?
An extreme conservative Bavarian who was appointed due to a state of emergency
39
Why was a state of emergency declared in Bavaria?
| (1923)
After the Ruhr passive resistance ended, there were cries of betrayal
40
How did Hitler start the Munich Putsch?
Von Kahr was giving a speech in a beer hall. Hitler entered and declared a "national revolution"
41
Did Kahr and Lossow support Hitler?
- Hitler approached them but they backed away from the plan
- They were temporarily 'convinced' to support Hitler, publically announcing the fact
- Later however, they riled up the army
42
What did Ludendorff do during the Munich Putsch?
He was able to convince von Kahr and Lossow to publically announce support for Hitler
43
How did Hitler use force in the Beer hall Putsch?
Men from the SA surrounded the building
44
What mistakes were made in the Munich Putsch that led to its failure?
- Hitler left the Beer hall in order to oversee clashes between the SA and the German army elsewhere in Munich, but he was maintaining order
- Ludendorff allowed the politicians to leave the Beer Hall, but they immediately renounced their support when they realised what was happening.
45
How was the Munich Putsch stopped?
Von Kahr and Lossow had betrayed Hitler; They alerted the police and army
46
Where was Hitler's Munich Putsch stopped?
*Odeonsplatz*
47
How many Nazis were killed at *Odeonsplatz*?
**16** nazis
48
What happened to Hitler and Ludendorff After the Munich Putsch?
- Hitler arrested for 5 years
- Ludendorff acquitted
49
How did Hitler being imprisoned help him become well known out of Bavaria?
He made a nationalistic speech that painted the events of the Putsch as good for the country.
His trial became very popular and was a way for him to get out his speeches.
50
When was Hitler given judgement in the Munich Trials?
Apr 1 1924
51
In 1924, how did the Nazis do in the elections?
| Seats, and % of vote
**32** seats in the Reichstag
**6.5%** of the vote
52
When was Hitler released from prison?
Dec 1924
53
What did Hitler write in prison?
The ***Mein Kampf***
54
What was *Mein Kampf?*
The autobiagraphical book writen by Hitler that outlined his anti-semetic ideas and the future of Germany
55
Why was Hitler released early from prison?
"Good behaviour" - the judges were sympathetic
56
Why was Hitler released early from prison?
The right-wing judges were sympathetic towards Hitler
57
After the Munich Putsch, what was Hitler's new strategy for bringing the Nazis to power?
To win via democracy. Outvote the others, and play within the constitution.
58
Where was the Nazi party based in?
In Munich
59
How was the Nazi party funded?
Hitler and the Nazis recieved lavish donations from wealthy businessmen, both German and from abroad.
60
When was the Bamburg conference?
1926
61
What was *FΓΌhrerprinzip*?
The 'Leader Principal', establishing absolute control for all Nazi party members: they had to completely follow Hitler's instructions
62
Where was *FΓΌhrerprinzip* set up?
The Bamburg Conference
63
Who was in charge of nazi propaganda?
Joseph Goebbels
64
What impact did the wall street crash have on Germany?
- US loans to Germany stopped
- There was no market for selling German goods
65
When did the bank *Credit-Anstaldt* collapse?
1931
66
What effect did the collapse of *Credit-Anstaldt* have on Germany?
It had a knock-on effect on German banks, worsening the depression crisis.
67
How high was unemployment in 1929?
**1.4 million** unemployed
68
How high was unemployment in 1933?
**6 million** unemployed
69
Who did Goebbels' propaganda target?
Businessmen, farmers, women, soldiers
| They were specifically pulling on each groups' heartstrings
70
Who were used as scapegoats in Goebbels' propaganda?
Communists and Jews
71
What was the strategy used by Goebbels in his propaganda?
Appeal to feelings rather than rational judgement.
72
By what methods did Goebbels use propaganda to exploit the distress after the Wall Street Crash?
Goebbels used cinema and radio to spread the Nazi message, using simple and effective slogans that emphasised Hitler as the man who would save Germany.
73
How did Hitler use speeches to exploit the distress after the Wall Street Crash?
- He gave speeches to the countryside to talk about problems facing farmers
- In the city he talked about unemployment
- He trained party members to deliver specific messages that appealed to many different audiences
74
How many party members were trained by 1933 to deliver speeches?
**6000** members
75
How did Hitler use political violence to exploit the distress after the Wall Street Crash?
- Rohm returned to expand the numbers of the SA
- They beat up communists
- They distrupted KPD meetings
76
When did Rohm return to lead the SA?
1931
77
How many members did the SA have in 1932?
425,000
| over 4x the army
78
What was the family that led the bank *Credit-Anstaldt*?
The Rothschild family. They were Jewish.
| I wonder how Hitler exploited this...
79
How many people died in the 1932 KPD Nazi street fights?
**82** people
80
When were there many deaths streetfighting in Berlin?
1932
81
Who were the four chancellors Germany had between 1930-33?
1. Heinrich BrΓΌning
1. *Von Papen*
1. ***Von Schleicher***
1. `!~~Adolf Hitler~~!`
82
Who was president of Germany in 1932-33?
Paul von Hindenburg
83
Who was Heinrich BrΓΌning?
| Which party was he in?
The Leader of the center party who was Chancellor from 1930-1932
84
Why was Heinrich BrΓΌning unpopular?
He cut government spending and increased taxes, which reduced German debt but...
He had little Reichstag support and was very unpopular
85
What did people who disliked Heinrich BrΓΌning call him?
The 'Hunger Chancellor'
86
How did Heinrich BrΓΌning rule when he was unpopular?
He made use of -gasp- article 48
87
What did Heinrich BrΓΌning ban during his time as chancellor?
The SA.
| Using article 48
88
**REPEAT FLASHCARD**
What did Heinrich BrΓΌning ban during his time as chancellor?
The SA.
| Using article 48
89
Who was Franz Von Papen?
A centre party aristrocrat, and an officer and diplomat in WW1 who eventually was German Chancellor for a short period
90
What were Von Papen's policies during his time as Chancellor?
- Trying to bring Nazis into the government
- Advising Hindenburg
- Lifting the ban on the SA
91
Who was von Schleicher?
A general and political adviser to Hindenburg who was German chancellor for a short period
92
What did von Schleicher do during his time as Chancellor?
- Try to get the Nazis to have an internal split, forcing Hitler to join his party
- Be a "strong man" for Germany
93
# Significant events in Hitler's path to Chancellor
**In July 1932**
1. Hitler demanded to be Chancellor, but Hindenburg refused
2. Von Papen was allowed to continue being Chancellor
94
When was Von Papen appointed Chancellor ?
| Like, the dates
June 1932
95
# Significant events in Hitler's path to Chancellor
**In Nov 1932**
1. Von Papen loses popularity and resigns
2. The Nazis lose some seats in the Reichstag due to street fights
96
How did Schleicher try to split up the Nazis?
Knowing that some Nazi members preferred the Strasser brothers to Hitler, he offered Gregor Strasser the role of vice-channcellor to give Hitler's authority some challenge.
97
# Significant events in Hitler's path to Chancellor
**In Dec 1932**
- Von Schleicher is chosen as Chancellor
- Article 48 was used to help run the country when there wasn't Reichstag support
- Hitler condemned Strasser
98
How did Schleicher's plan fail?
Hitler attacked Strasser's disloyalty and won support of the Gauleiters..
99
# Significant events in Hitler's path to Chancellor
**In Jan 1933**
- Hindenburg and Von Papen met industrialists and army leaders
- Hitler was made Chancellor though the government had few Nazi ministers
100
How did Von Papen and Hindenburg plan to control Hitler?
- The government would have few Nazi ministers
- Von Papen would be vice-chancellor, having influence
- There would be many conservative ministers to limit Hitler's power
101
What were the two possibilities appointing Hitler as chancellor could have had on Hindenburg?
1. *Hitler would do well*, and the financial crisis would end. Hindenburg, as president could take credit for appointing him
2. *Hitler would do badly*, and the financial crisis would worsen. Nazi support would collapse
| It's a win-win! Nothing could go wrong.
102
When did Hitler become chancellor?
30 Jan 1933
103
Nazi votes in **1928 May.**
| % of votes and seats
**2.6%**
~~~~~~~~
**12 seats**
104
SPD seats in **1928 May.**
**153 seats**
105
Nazi votes in **1930 Sept.**
| seats only
**107 seats**
106
Nazi votes in **1932 July.**
| % of votes, *and* seats
**37.3%**
~~~~~~~~~
**230 seats**
107
Nazi votes in **1932 Nov.**
| % of votes, *and* seats
**33.1%**
~~~~~~~~~
**196 seats**
| The Nazis lost 34 seats
108
KPD seats in **1932 July**
**89 seats**
109
KPD seats in **1932 Nov.**
**100 seats**
110
Nazi votes in **1933 Mar.**
| % of votes, *and* seats
**43.9%**
~~~~~~~~~
**288 seats**
111
SPD seats in **1933 Mar.**
**120 seats**
