Geography π || Every Theme 1 Case Study βͺ || Flashcards
Why is a lot of Australia underpopulated?
It doesnβt have enough people to make use of its resources - one reason is that:
Due to the climate of the very hot and dry Australian outback, nobody lives there.
What is the temperature range of Australia?
36-39 degrees C
How did Australiaβs population change from 1996-2006?
It declined by 3.7%
What are the problems caused by Australian underpopulation?
- Low job oppourtunities
- Poor transport links
What figure can prove that Nigeria is overpopulated?
It occupies only 3% of Africa but houses 15% of the people.
What is Nigeriaβs climate like?
- Variable rainy and dry seasons
- Hot and wet most of the year in the south
- Long inland dry season
- Range of environments, with tropical rainforests in the south and semi arid desert in the north.
What power struggles has Nigeria faced?
After British independence:
Power struggles resulted in a civil war between 1967-1970. Its only since 1999 that Nigeria has had a stable government.
What are some city specific problems in Nigeria?
- Lack of Housing in Kano
- High crime rate in Jos
- Pollution of air and water in Port Harcourt
- Shortage of food in Yola
- Not enough healthcare and schools in Ibadan
- Congested roads in Lagos
How is Nigeriaβs overall and North fertility rate?
The average children per woman is 5.5. At the conservative Muslim North it is 8 children!
What draws people to Lagos?
- Compared to the rest of Africa, there is far more healthcare
- In rural areas of Nigeria, 40% donβt attend primary school whereas in Lagos, 68% of the population have a secondary education.
- Thriving film industry (Nollywood)
Why did China become overpopulated after 1960?
- Social/cultural desire to have a son
- Economical bonus: men could work in the field
- Politics: stronger China against America
- Flood 1959-1962: 20 million died
When was the one child policy implemented?
1979
What is the one child policy?
The policy in China that stated that couples in China could only have one child.
What was the consequence of breaking the one child policy?
You would be fined for having more children, and giving them a good education and job opportunities was harder.
How did the once child policy lead to gender imbalance?
- People would abort girls until they had a boy
- Baby girls were placed in orphanages
What was the exception to the once child policy?
- Chinese people in rural areas were allowed to have more children
- Ethnic minorities
- People whoβs first child was a girl (later on this was introduced)
What were the negative effects of the one child policy?
- Elderly dependent population
- 50 million missing women
How many abortions were made due to the one child policy?
300 million.
How did the once child policy affect fertility rate?
It decreased from 5.8 to 1.7
What percent of illegal immigrants to the US were from mexico in 2007?
52%
What is the path from Mexico to the USA?
Through the Arizonan or Sonoran deserts, in which they die of thirst of the extreme temperature
What are the push factors from Mexico?
- Poor medical facilities (1800 people per doctor)
- A lower life expectancy (75 years)
- Low pay jobs (GNP $3750)
What are the pull factors to the USA?
- Excellent medical facilities (400 people per doctor)
- Higher life expectancy (78 years)
- Well paid jobs (GNP $25000)
What are the negative impacts of migration on the USA?
- Costs millions on border patrols
- Mexican workers keep wages low
- Remittances sent back to Mexico is money lost from the Economy.
What are the positive impacts of migration of the USA?
- Costs millions on border patrols
- Mexican workers keep wages low
- Remittances sent back to Mexico is money lost from the Economy.
What are the negative impacts of migration on Mexico?
- Demand to enter the US encourages Coyotes, criminal organizations that profit.
- Young migrate, villages like Santa Ines lose 2/3 of inhabitants.
- Hundreds die from heat of Arizona desert.
What are the positive impacts of migration on Mexico?
- Benefits the US economy, migrants work at lower wages
- Mexican culture has enriched the US border with things
- Educated high skill Mexicans migrate to the US and bring expertise.
What is a Sri Lankan conurbation?
Colombo
What is a Sri Lankan city?
Morotuwa
What is a Sri Lankan large town?
Beruwala
What is a Sri Lankan small town?
Hatton
Which Sri Lankan cities have a large sphere of influence?
Jaffna, Kandy, Galle, Colombo
What services attract people to Colombo?
- Commercial services like one galle face provide specialist services
- Tourism is found in hotels and restaurants
- Pettah has many medium order services, as it is near the port.
What is Singaporeβs fertility rate?
1.1
What percent of Singaporeβs population is foreign nationals?
36%
What strategies is Singaporeβs government taking to increase population?
- Encouraging immigration
to increase the population. - It has increased maternity leave by 50% to 12 weeks and it will cover the cost of maternity leave (the cost to the parents employers) for the first four babies.
- Increasing child benefits paid to families. The government will pay money into a special bank account of up to nearly $1000 for six years.
- The Singapore government has also sponsored dating organizations to encourage people to get married earlier and start having children.
What is the authority in Mumbai that attempts to develop better housing for people in slums?
Mumbaiβs Slum Rehabilitation Authority
What is the largest slum in Mumbai?
Dharavi
What percent of households in a Mumbai slum have less access to clean water than the minimum recommended by the WHO?
95%
What issues is Mumbai dealing with for waste?
The waste, both waste produced by humans and industrial, is increasing, and dealing with it is difficult and expensive.
Why is there high pollution in Mumbai?
- Lack of sanitation system leads to streams and rivers used as disposal
- Unregulated industry leads to air pollution
How is unemployment and crime in Dharavi?
Virtually none! There is high employment and low crime.
How many people per square mile are in Dharavi?
1 million
How many illegal factories are in Dharavi?
15,000
How much money do illegal Dharavi factories make yearly?
1 Billion Dollars
Where is Mumbai found?
On the northwest coast of India
What makes Mumbai important to India?
- It is an important port city
- It operates as the commercial capital of India
- It is the home of Bollywood
What are the pull factors to Mumbai?
- Financial capital
- Head offices of major companies
- Bollywood and RV satellite networks
- Several TNCs
How much was the population of Mumbai in 1971?
8 million
What is Mumbaiβs population now?
21 million
How has suburbanisation occured in Mumbai?
Initially there was expansion in the northwards direction along major transport routes. Now there is suburbanisation in an eastward direction.
What are three places in Mumbai that, despite being planned as individual towns, ened up as suburbs?
Thane, Vashi, and Belapur
What is Italyβs population?
59 million
What % of Italyβs population is aged over 65?
24.1%
What is Italyβs fertility rate?
1.2 children per woman
Why does Italy have such low population growth?
People are living longer because they have had more wealth than ever before, more varied and reliable diets, medical care has improved and medicines have become more advanced.
What is a dying villagee in Italy?
Vastogirardi
What is the ratio of funerals : weddings in Italy?
3:1
Why is there a pressure in Italy to increase retirment age?
The cost of pensions is increasing, which in unfeasable.
