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IGCSEs > Geography 🌎 | Urbanisation πŸŒ† | > Flashcards

Geography 🌎 | Urbanisation πŸŒ† | Flashcards

1
Q

Define urbanisation.

A

The increase in the proportion of people living in the towns and the cities.

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2
Q

What is rural depopulation?

A

The push factors cause people to leave the rural areas and attract them to the towns and cities, decreasing the population of rural areas. This process is called rural depopulation.

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3
Q

Define counter-urbanisation.

A

The movement of people from the urban areas to rural areas, mostly in MEDCs.

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4
Q

Since when has most of the world been urban?

A

2010.

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5
Q

Where have we seen the biggest increase in urban population?

A

Africa.

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6
Q

In 2020, how much of the world was urban?

A

56.2%

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7
Q

Which hemisphere is more urban?

A

The northern hemisphere.

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8
Q

What are the social reasons people move to urban areas?

A

People hope for:
- Good education
- Good healthcare
- Need to stay safe

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9
Q

What are the environmental reasons people move to urban areas?

A
  • Leaving drought
  • Natural disasters
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10
Q

What are the economic reasons people go to urban areas?

A

Hope for:
- Gaining employment
- Higher pay jobs

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11
Q

Where is Dharavi found?

A

In Mumbai, India.

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12
Q

What % of Mumbai is estimated to live in slums?

A

40%

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13
Q

What is Dharavi?

A

One of the largest slums in the world.

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14
Q

Why do people in Mumbai live in squatter settlements?

A

The cost of land is very high; rent is too, so the poorer population ends up living in squatter settlements.

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15
Q

What is the authority in Mumbai that attempts to develop better housing for people in slums?

A

Mumbai’s Slum Rehabilitation Authority

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16
Q

What does Mumbai’s slum rehabilitation authority attempt?

A

To develop better housing on squatter sites or relocate residents to alternative accomadation.

17
Q

How is sanitation in Mumbai’s slums?

A

There is little access to basic services, increasing the chances of illness and disease.

18
Q

What percent of households in a Mumbai slum has lower access to clean water than the minimum reccomended by the WHO?

A

95%

19
Q

How can growing demand for skilled labor lead to increasing crime rates?

A

Opportunities for unskilled workers are limited, and wages are low. This leads to increasing crime rates, people turning to illegal activities to survive.

20
Q

What is the issue Mumbai is having dealing with waste?

A

The waste, both waste produced by humans (i am referring to feces NOT the babies) and industrial, is increasing, and dealing with it is difficult and expensive.

21
Q

How are Mumbai’s rivers so polluted?

A

There is a lack of sanitation systems, so streams and rivers are used to dispose of sewage.

22
Q

How is air pollution increasing in Mumbai?

A

Unregulated industry and vehicle numbers are increasing, adding to the problems of air and water pollution.

23
Q

What is the overall challenge for Mumbai in stopping all their issues?

A

Maintaining growth so the population has significant access to basic services and earning a reasonable living so that the urban poor has suitable places to live.

24
Q

What do many people say positively about Dharuvi?

A

They say that Dharavi has great communities, and are cities of the future the west must learn from. People are happy.

25
Q

How much employment and crime is there in Dharavi?

A

Virtually none! There is high employment and low crime.

26
Q

What is the most densely populated slum on earth?

A

Dharavi.

27
Q

What is the water in Dharavi like?

A

Toxic, full of waste, and contaminated. Yet people wash their clothes in it!

28
Q

How many people are there per square mile in Dharavi?

A

1 million!

29
Q

What is the gap between quality of slums in Dharavi/

A

Some settlements have electricity and are not too tightly packed, and others are not!

30
Q

What is the main source of entertainment in Dharavi?

A

Televisions.

31
Q

How many cases to doctors in Dharavi are due to poor sanitation?

A

4000! A day!

32
Q

How do people in Dharavi shop?

A

There is a high street of small shops.

33
Q

What % of people in Dharavi are employed?

A

85%!

34
Q

Why are there some wealthy people in Dharavi?

A

They have unregulated businesses outside of the law.

35
Q

How many illegal factories are there in Dharavi?

A

15,000!

36
Q

How much money do illegal factories in Dharavi make a year?

A

1 BILLION DOLLARS

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