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Catawba Nuclear Station > Emergency Diesel Generators(EQC) > Flashcards

Emergency Diesel Generators(EQC) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of the Emergency Diesel Generators?

A

The Emergency Diesel Generators provide Emergency AC power to the equipment required to safely shut down the reactor in the event of a loss of normal power source. The Diesel Generators will also supply power to the safeguards equipment as required during a major accident coincident with a loss of normal power source.

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2
Q

What is the system designator for the Emergency Diesel Generators?

A

EQC

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3
Q

What is the basic description of the Emergency Diesel Generators?

A
  1. Each unit has 2 Emergency Diesel Generators.
  2. The diesel generator is a 16 cylinder diesel coupled to a 7700KW maximum output generator.
  3. The diesel generator is governed to run at 450rpm.
  4. The diesel generator is equipped with a turbocharger which serves to assist in fast starting the diesel generators.
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4
Q

What are the three major accident situations that the Emergency Diesel Generators are required to respond to?

A
  1. Safety Injection
  2. Blackout
  3. A combination of a Safety Injection and Blackout
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5
Q

How will the Emergency Diesel Generators respond to a Safety Injection?

A

The diesel generator will automatically start, accelerate to rated speed and voltage, and run unloaded. The diesel generator breaker sill not close to supply the bus if normal power is available.

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6
Q

How will the Emergency Diesel Generators respond to a Blackout?

A

The diesel generator will automatically start and accelerate to rated speed and voltage. The diesel generator breaker will close to supply the essential switchgear, and the blackout loads will be loaded onto the bus.

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7
Q

How will the Emergency Diesel Generators respond to a combination of Safety Injection and Blackout?

A

During a Blackout followed by a Safety Injection, the diesel generator will start and be loaded with equipment required during a Blackout. When the Safety Injection occurs the Blackout Only loads will be shed, and the Safety Injection Only loads will be started.

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8
Q

What is the Mission Time for the Emergency Diesel Generators?

A

The mission time for the Emergency Diesel Generators is 7 days. The engines are designed to run at maximum load continuously for 7 days without having to makeup to the liquid support systems.

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9
Q

What type of Diesel engine do we use?

A
  1. 16 cylinder
  2. 4-stroke
  3. Governed to run at 450rpm
    4, Equipped with a turbocharger to assist in fast starting the diesel.
  4. Made by Transamerica Delaval Corporation
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10
Q

What is the purpose of the Shutdown Cylinder?

A

The Shutdown Cylinder is used to isolate fuel to the engine when a trip signal is received.

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11
Q

How is the Shutdown Cylinder actuated?

A

Control Air is supplied to extend the Shutdown Cylinder piston to cut off fuel oil to the engine.

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12
Q

How long is the Shutdown Cylinder extended following a Diesel Generator shutdown?

A

2 minutes

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the Run/Stop Valve?

A

The Run/Stop Valve is used to stop the diesel generator, when depressed, by supplying 60psig air to extend the Shutdown Cylinder and close the fuel racks.

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14
Q

Does the Run/Stop Valve require AC or DC power to work?

A

NO

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15
Q

How does a start signal, normal or emergency, affect the Emergency Diesel Generator with the Run/Stop Valve depressed?

A

The start signal will reset the Run/Stop Valve allowing the Shutdown Cylinder to retract and the diesel generator to start regardless of the Run/Stop initial position.

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16
Q

What is the affect on the Emergency Diesel Generator operation if it was automatically started by the sequencer, and is subsequently tripped by the Run/Stop Valve?

A

If the diesel generator was started by the sequencer and subsequently stopped by the Run/Stop Valve, the valve will pop back out when the diesel decreases to 44% rated speed. If the signal that caused the sequencer to actuate is still present, the sequencer will attempt to restart the diesel.

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17
Q

What is the purpose of the Generator portion of the EDG?

A

The Generator converts the mechanical energy of the Diesel engine into 3 phase, 4160VAC, 60Hz power.

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18
Q

Where does the Generator receive its field flash from?

A

The Diesel Generator field flash is provided by it’s own 125VDC auxiliary power system.

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19
Q

What is the description of the Diesel Generator Breaker?

A
  1. The Diesel Generator Breaker is a 1200amp circuit breaker located in cubicle#18 of the essential switchgear ETA or ETB.
  2. The breakers’ control power is supplied from 125V bus EDE or EDF
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20
Q

What is the EDG Breaker closure logic following an automatic start due to a Blackout?

A

The EDG Breaker will close:
1. After load shed is initiated by the sequencer
AND
2. Diesel speed is greater than or equal to 95%

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21
Q

What is the EDG Breaker closure logic following an automatic start due to a Safety Injection?

A

The EDG Breaker will close:

  1. Only if a Blackout signal is present
  2. If initially closed while in parallel with the grid the EDG Breaker will trip open
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22
Q

What are the Diesel Generator Breaker trips?

A
  1. 86N, 86S, or 86B except during a LOCA
  2. Generator Neutral Lockout(86DGN)
  3. Instantaneous Overcurrent(50)
  4. Reverse Power(32) for 3-30 seconds
  5. Loss of Field(40)
  6. Sequencer LOCA when parallel to the grid
  7. Trip when the Diesel is shutdown
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23
Q

What is the purpose of the Governor?

A

The Governor is used to sense and control the diesel engine speed, and deliver fuel to the engine so as to maintain a constant operating speed.

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24
Q

What are the two modes of Governor operation and when are they used?

A
  1. Speed Droop Mode - used when operating in parallel to the grid.
  2. Isochronous Mode - used when the diesel is operating on an isolated bus.
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25
Q

When operating in the Droop Mode what are voltage and frequency a function of?

A

When operating in parallel with the grid, both voltage and frequency are a function of the grid.

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26
Q

When operating in Droop Mode what is the affect of adjusting the Voltage Regulator?

A

Adjusting the Voltage Regulator when in parallel with the grid determines reactive loading and power factor.

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27
Q

When operating in Droop Mode what is the affect of adjusting the Governor(Speed)?

A

Adjusting speed when in parallel with the grid determines how much real load is carried by the EDG.

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28
Q

What is the affect on Reactive Load and Power Factor when picking up Real Load while operating in the Droop Mode?

A

As real load is picked up, reactive load increases as well due to counterforce causing a reduction in voltage from the generator. This causes power factor to move in the leading direction.

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29
Q

What action is taken by the operator if a leading Power Factor is observed?

A

The operator should adjust the Voltage Regulator to raise voltage and obtain a lagging Power Factor.

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30
Q

When operating in the Isochronous Mode what are voltage and frequency a function of?

A

When operating with the EDG carrying the essential bus voltage and frequency are a function of the EDG.

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31
Q

When operating in Isochronous Mode what is the affect of adjusting the Voltage Regulator?

A

The reactive loading will only change if the number of loads on the bus is changed. The Voltage Regulator adjustments directly control voltage on the bus when operating in Isochronous Mode.

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32
Q

When operating in Isochronous Mode what is the affect of adjusting the Governor(Speed)?

A

Adjusting the EDG Governor will directly control speed and frequency because there is only so much load on an isolated bus.

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33
Q

How is the Governor response to changes in load when operating in the Isochronous Mode as compared to the Droop Mode?

A

When operating in the Isochronous Mode the Governor responds quickly to changes in load, unlike the Droop Mode.

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34
Q

How will a Diesel Generator’s frequency respond to a full load rejection while in the Isochronous Mode?

A

Speed(Frequency) will increase until the governor returns speed to its set value.

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35
Q

How will a Diesel Generator’s frequency respond to a partial load rejection while in the Isochronous Mode?

A

Speed(Frequency) will increase, but not to the magnitude if it were a full load rejection, until the governor returns speed to its set value.

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36
Q

What is the purpose of the Exciter-Voltage Regulator?

A

The Exciter-Voltage Regulator controls generator output voltage by controlling the amount of current supplied to the generator field.

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37
Q

Where is the Diesel Engine Control Panel located, and what indications/controls are located at the panel?

A
  1. The Diesel Engine Control Panel is located in the diesel room.
  2. The Diesel Engine Control Panel contains the D/G local annunciator panel, controls, indications for the D/G auxiliaries, D/G start/stop controls, and the mode selection controls.
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38
Q

Where is the Diesel Generator Control Panel, and what controls/indications are located at the panel?

A
  1. The Diesel Generator Control Panel is located in the diesel room.
  2. The Diesel Generator Control Panel contains indications and controls necessary to manually tie the D/G to the essential switchgear. The DGCP also contains the recording and timing equipment to measure D/G start and operating parameters.
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39
Q

Where are the Shutdown and Shutdown Reset Pushbuttons located, and what is their purpose?

A
  1. The Shutdown and Shutdown Reset Pushbuttons are located at the Diesel Generator Control Panel.
  2. The Shutdown Pushbutton is used to manually shutdown the D/G field.
  3. The Shutdown Reset Pushbutton is used to reset the D/G field.
40
Q

What is the purpose of the Control Room Override Pushbutton located at the Diesel Generator Control Panel?

A

The Control Room Override Pushbutton is used when the Control Room has been evacuated and control of the D/G is needed locally. Depressing the override pushbutton disables the ability to start and stop the D/G from the Control Room.

41
Q

What is the purpose of the Alarm Monitor Panel?

A

The Alarm Monitor Panel provides alarm indications and non-emergency trip signals.

42
Q

When are the trip signals from the Alarm Monitor Panel bypassed?

A

The trip signals are bypassed from the Alarm Monitor Panel during an automatic emergency start.

43
Q

What trips does the Alarm Monitor Panel provide?

A
  1. High Jacket Water Temperature
  2. Low Turbo Oil Pressure
  3. Low Lube Oil Pressure
  4. High Crankcase Pressure
  5. High Vibration
44
Q

What kinds of information can be obtained from the D/G Room OAC?

A
  1. D/G frequency
  2. D/G megavars
  3. D/G megawatts
  4. D/G stator winding temps
  5. D/G cylinder temps
  6. Temperature trends
  7. D/G start trend used for Tech Spec acceptance criteria
45
Q

What is the power supply for the EDG Auxiliaries?

A

Essential power for the auxiliaries is supplied from essential motor control center EMXE(F).

46
Q

What is the power supply for EDG control power?

A

EDG control power is provided from the DG batteries DGBA(B) or from the battery charger DGCA(B)

47
Q

What is the affect on the EDG if ERPA or ERPD(120VAC essential power) is lost?

A
  1. Causes a low lube oil pressure trip signal(35psig).
    A. If the EDG is operating in the manual mode it will trip.
    B. If the EDG is started in manual it will trip after 60 seconds.
  2. EDG fuel oil solenoid valve fails closed, so the EDG is inoperable until the fuel oil solenoid bypass is opened.
  3. Lo-Lo lube oil trip logic is reduced from 2/3 to 1/3.
48
Q

What are the four modes of operating for the Emergency Diesel Generator?

A
  1. Automatic
  2. Remote Manual
  3. Local Manual
  4. Control Room Override
49
Q

What is the basic automatic start sequence?

A
  1. The starting air solenoid valves energize.
  2. Diesel running auxiliaries are started and the diesel shutdown auxiliaries are tripped.
  3. A portion of the starting air flows through the air distributors which opens an air start valve located in each cylinder head in the proper timing order.
  4. The staring air applied to each cylinder causes engine rotation and subsequent firing.
  5. The fuel injection is time such that the engine fires and accelerates to its operating speed.
  6. Starting air is applied until the engine reaches 200rpm(44% rated speed).
  7. The field is flawed at greater than 200rpm or greater than 3 seconds.
  8. Once the voltage builds to 95%, the under-voltage relays energize to ready-to-load relays.
  9. The exciter-regulator keeps bus voltage within an acceptable range centered at 4160volts.
  10. Once the engine is at operating speed, the governor maintains control of the engine by adjusting fuel input as the load varies to maintain speed at 450rpm.
50
Q

What are the EDG Non-Emergency Trips?

A
  1. High Jacket Water Temperature
  2. Low Turbo Oil Pressure
  3. Low Lube Oil Pressure
  4. High Crankcase Pressure
  5. High Vibration
  6. High Lube Oil Temperature
  7. High Bearing Temperature
51
Q

Which Non-Emergency Trips are disabled for the first 60 seconds?

A

All of them except for High Bearing Temperature

52
Q

What is the setpoint for the EDG High Jacket Water trip?

A

200F

53
Q

What is the setpoint for the EDG Low Turbo Oil Pressure trip?

A

15psig

54
Q

What is the setpoint for the EDG Low Lube Oil Pressure trip?

A

35psig

55
Q

What is the setpoint for the EDG High Crank Case Pressure trip?

A

5” H20

56
Q

What is the setpoint for the EDG High Vibration trip?

A

1/2 to 3/4 G

57
Q

What is the setpoint for the EDG High Lube Oil Temperature trip?

A

200F

58
Q

What is the setpoint for the EDG High Bearing Temperature trip?

A

228F

59
Q

What are the EDG Emergency Trips?

A
  1. Engine Overspeed
  2. Low Low Lube Oil Pressure
  3. D/G Lockout(86D)
60
Q

What is the setpoint for the EDG Low Low Oil Pressure trip?

A

30psig

61
Q

What is the setpoint for the Engine Overspeed trip?

A

115% of normal speed(517.5rpm)

62
Q

What is the setpoint for the D/G Lockout trip?

A
  1. Generator Differential

2. Generator Voltage Controlled Overcurrent

63
Q

How are the EDG Non-Emergency Trips reset?

A
  1. The non-emergency trips are only active on a manual start.
  2. The non-emergency trips remain disabled after an automatic start until the EDG load sequencer is reset and the ENABLE NON-EMER TRIP pushbutton is depressed on the DECP.
64
Q

What is the only EDG Non-Emergency trip that requires a manual reset?

A

High Vibration trip

65
Q

How is the EDG Engine Overspeed trip reset?

A

Manual reset is required via the O/S Reset Pushbutton located on a separate panel near the DGCP and DECP.

66
Q

How is the EDG D/G Lockout trip reset?

A
  1. Manual reset is required at ETA(B) breaker.

2. D/G Lockout trip also trips the D/G breaker.

67
Q

How is the EDG Low Low Lube Oil Pressure trip reset?

A

Manual reset is required with the O/S Reset Pushbutton because it’s electrically tied to the same pushbutton.

68
Q

What is the purpose of the EDG Start Interlocks?

A

The EDG Start Interlocks will prevent an automatic start of the diesel generator.

69
Q

What are the EDG Start Interlocks?

A
  1. Maintenance Mode Selected
  2. Barring Device Interlock Engaged
  3. D/G 86D Lockout not reset
  4. O/S Reset not reset
  5. Less than 150psig Starting Air
  6. 125 VDC Control Power is not available
70
Q

What is the affect on the Emergency Diesel Generator if Starting Air is lost?

A
  1. If Starting Air pressure is less than 150psig all automatic start signals will be bypassed.
  2. Manual start capability is still available.
71
Q

What is the affect on the Emergency Diesel Generator if Control Air is lost?

A

A loss of Control Air will prevent automatic shutdown of the D/G via the Shutdown Cylinder.

72
Q

What is the EDG’s relationship with Diesel Building Ventilation(VD)?

A

The D/G Building Ventilation system maintains temperature of the D/G rooms within the design basis limits for equipment operation and personnel access.

73
Q

What is the EDG’s relationship with Diesel Generator Engine Starting Air(VD)?

A

The Diesel Generator Engine Starting Air system is a dedicated compressed air system that provides fast start capability for the diesel engine. VG also supplies control air to the DECP and is the motive force for the barring device.

74
Q

What is the EDG’s relationship with Diesel Generator Engine Fuel Oil(FD)?

A

The Diesel Generator Engine Fuel Oil system is designed to store and supply fuel to the D/G for at least 7 days.

75
Q

What is the EDG’s relationship with Diesel Generator Engine Jacket Water Cooling(KD)?

A
  1. The Diesel Generator Engine Jacket Water Cooling system circulates cooling water to the Engine Jacket, Cylinder Heads, Lube Oil Heat Exchanger, Air intake and Exhaust After Coolers, and Governor Lube Oil Cooler during D/G operation.
  2. KD also circulates warmed coolant during shutdown periods to ensure the diesel standby readiness conditions are maintained.
76
Q

What is the EDG’s relationship with Diesel Generator Engine Lube Oil(LD)?

A

The Diesel Generator Engine Lube Oil system supplies clean, filtered lube oil to the diesel engine, its bearings, crankshaft, and other moving parts.

77
Q

What is the EDG’s relationship with Station Auxiliary Power Distribution 4160V and 600V Essential and Blackout(EPC)?

A

The Station Auxiliary Power Distribution 4160V and 600V Essential and Blackout system provides 600V essential AC power via EMXE(F) to operate the D/G Auxiliaries.

78
Q

What is the EDG’s relationship with Diesel Generator Load Sequencer(EQB)?

A
  1. The D/G Load Sequencer provides the automatic Safety Injection of Blackout start signals, and controls the automatic loading of the D/G including any required load sheds.
  2. The Load Sequencer also provides the signal to automatically close the Diesel Generator Breaker during Blackout starts.
  3. The Load Sequencer also provides a delayed timing of closing load breakers to prevent excessive starting currents that would occur if all breakers were closed at once.
79
Q

Explain the sequence for a local manual start of an EDG?

A
  1. Bar the engine over manually using the Barring Gear to check for any water leakage into the cylinders through a cracked head. The Engine Roll Button is used then used to check for any accumulated moisture.
  2. Close the D/G Engine Exhaust Silencer Drain.
  3. Ensure no flashing alarms on the Alarm Monitor Panel.
  4. Place the “D/G CNTRL LOCATION” switch on MC-11 to “LOCAL” and verify status light on SI-15 “ETA(B) INCOMING BKRS CONTROL LOCAL” is lit. Placing the control switch in local also enables the 4.16KV breaker controls in the associated D/G room.
  5. 3-5 minutes prior to start open the Turbo Oil Solenoid Valve to allow oil to be supplied to the turbochargers, prolonging bearing life.
  6. Place the key in the “MANUAL TEST START” keyswitch and turn to “START” position.
  7. Verify the “SHUTDOWN SYSTEMS ACTIVE” light is lit on the DECPA(B)
  8. Record D/G start data and periodic monitoring data on PT/1(2)/A(B)/4350/010, D/G Operating Parameters
  9. Place the “TURBO OIL SOL VLV” switch to the “CLOSE” position(the valve should have automatically closed at 95% D/G speed.)
80
Q

Explain the sequence for locally paralleling an EDG?

A
  1. Adjust voltage using VOLTAGE CONTROL such that the D/G voltage is 50-200volts higher than bus volts to ensure a lagging power factor when the D/G is paralleled to the bus.
  2. Place the synchroscope to ON
  3. Adjust SPEED CONTROL to cause the synchroscope to rotate slowly in the FAST direction.
  4. Close the D/G Breaker Shen the pointer is less than 1.5 minutes before the vertical position(12 O’Clock), and the SYNCHRONIZED light is lit.
  5. Increase generator load to 2500KW(2400-2600KW) using SPEED CONTROL only.
  6. Adjust power factor to 0.98 lagging(less than or equal to .9 lagging for the 24 hour run) by adjusting VOLTAGE CONTROL.
  7. Place the synchroscope in the OFF position.
  8. After 15 minutes the D/G can be loaded to the desired amount.
81
Q

Explain the sequence for locally shutting down an EDG?

A
  1. Ensure power to the essential bus is available from the normal or alternate feeder.
  2. Reduce D/G load to 200KW and maintain PF at approximately 0.95 lagging.
  3. Idle until Jacket Water and Lube Oil temperatures are less than or equal to 170F, and turbocharger exhaust temperatures have stabilized.
  4. Press the STOP pushbutton at the DECPA(B) and remove the key from the “MANAUA TEST START” keyswitch.
  5. Ensure the keep-warm and pre-lube diesel auxiliaries start.
  6. Place the “D/G CTRL LOCATION” switch in the “CTRL-RM” position.
82
Q

Explain the sequence for remotely starting/paralleling/shutting down an EDG?

A

The steps are similar to those which are performed locally for each operation with the following differences:
A. The “D/G CTRL LOCATION” switch on MC-11 is maintained in the “CTRL-RM” position.
B. Operations are performed with the Control Room switches.
C. There is no key required to start the D/G in the Control Room, only a pushbutton.

83
Q

What is the purpose of placing an EDG in Maintenance Mode?

A

The Maintenance Mode is provided to protect plant maintenance personnel from an automatic or manual D/G start.

84
Q

How is the EDG placed in the Maintenance Mode?

A

The local operator and the Control Room operator must both simultaneously depress the “MAINTENANCE MODE” pushbuttons to actuate the lockout. The Shutdown Cylinder will be extended when the D/G is in the Maintenance Mode.

85
Q

How is the EDG removed from the Maintenance Mode?

A

The local operator removes the D/G from the Maintenance Mode by taking the “MODE SELECTOR” switch on the DECP to RESET. The operator also depresses STOP on the DECP to ensure the shutdown cylinder retracts.

86
Q

What is the setpoint for a Blackout Emergency Start and what type of logic is used?

A
  1. Less than or equal to 82.9% of normal voltage without a lockout.
  2. The logic is 2 out or 3 phases with less than or equal to 82.9% or normal voltage will cause an actuation.
87
Q

What is the EDG response to a Blackout Emergency Start signal?

A
  1. The EDG will automatically start and accelerate to rated speed and voltage.
  2. The D/G Breaker will close supplying the essential switchgear.
  3. Blackout loads will be loaded onto the bus.
88
Q

What are the setpoints for a Safety Injection Emergency Start and what type of logic is used?

A
  1. Pressurizer pressure less than 1845psig - logic requires 2 out of 3 channels
  2. Containment pressure greater than 1.2psig - logic requires 2 out of 4 channels
  3. Manual
89
Q

What is the EDG response to a Safety Injection Emergency Start?

A
  1. The diesel generator will automatically start and accelerate to rated speed and voltage.
  2. The D/G Breaker will NOT close to supply the essential bus if normal power is available.
90
Q

What is the EDG response to a Blackout followed by a Safety Injection?

A
  1. During a Blackout followed by a Safety Injection the Diesel Generators will have started and be loaded with equipment required during a Blackout.
  2. When the Safety Injection occurs the additional Safety Injection loads will start and certain Blackout loads will shed.
91
Q

What is the EDG response to a Safety Injection followed by a Blackout?

A
  1. During the Safety Injection the Diesel Generators will automatically start and run unloaded.
  2. When the Blackout occurs all loads are shed and the D/G Breaker will close to pick up the essential bus and Safety Injection loads which were being supplied by normal power prior to the Blackout.
92
Q

How is an Emergency Shutdown of an EDG performed?

A
  1. Normally:
    A. Locally depress STOP on DECP
    B. Remotely depress OFF on MC-11
    The Stop and OFF pushbuttons work regardless of “D/G CTRL LOCATION” switch in the Control Room 
2. Following an Auto Start:
  A. Reset the Sequencer
AND
  B. Depress STOP on DECP
OR
  C. Depress OFF on MC-11
93
Q

What action is taken if the D/G Load Sequencer cannot be reset when attempting to stop the D/G?

A

If the sequencer cannot be reset then depress and hold the OFF pushbutton and dispatch an operator to remove power from the Diesel Generator Load Sequencer at EDE or EDF.

94
Q

What are other ways of performing an Emergency Shutdown of an EDG?

A
  1. Depress the RUN/STOP KNOB
  2. Turn the Load Limit Knob on the Governor Mechanical Actuator to minimum flow.
  3. Use a pipe wrench to close the fuel rack by pushing them towards the engine and holding there until the D/G stops.
  4. Isolate the fuel to the Day Tank.
95
Q

What is unique about the depressing the RUN/STOP KNOB following an auto start of an EDG?

A

If the D/G Load Sequencer has not be reset when speed gets to less than 44% the RUN/STOP Valve will reset and the D/G will restart.

96
Q

What conditions will produce a “Unit Failure to Start” alarm?

A

A “Unit Failure to Start” alarm will be generated following a MANUAL start if:
1. The D/G fails to reach 95% of rated voltage(3952V)
AND
2. The D/G fails to reach 95.6% of rated speed(430rpm)

IN 29 seconds

Catawba Nuclear Station (72 decks)

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