Chapter 7: Vocabulary

Question 1

arteriole

Answer 1

small artery

Question 2

calciferol

Answer 2

active form of vitamin D, secreted by the kidney

Question 3

calyx or calix

calyces or calices

Answer 3

cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis

Question 4

catheter

Answer 4

tube for injecting or removing fluids

Question 5

cortex

Answer 5

outer region of an organ; the renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney

Question 6

creatinine

Answer 6

nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

Question 7

electrolyte

Answer 7

chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water

Question 8

erythropoietin (EPO)

Answer 8

hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow

Question 9

filtration

Answer 9

process whereby some substances pass through a filter

Question 10

glomerular capsule

Answer 10

enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus

Question 11

glomerulus

plural: glomeruli

Answer 11

tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney

Question 12

hilum

Answer 12

depression in an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave

Question 13

kidney

Answer 13

one of two bean-shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region.

Question 14

meatus

Answer 14

opening or canal

Question 15

medulla

Answer 15

inner region of an organ

Question 16

nephron

Answer 16

combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney

Question 17

nitrogenous waste

Answer 17

substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine

Question 18

potassium (K+)

Answer 18

electrolyte regulated by kidney so that a proper concentration is maintained within the blood

Question 19

reabsorption

Answer 19

process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream

Question 20

renal artery

Answer 20

blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney

Question 21

renal pelvis

Answer 21

central collecting region in the kidney

Question 22

renal tubule

Answer 22

microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration

Question 23

renal vein

Answer 23

blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart

Question 24

renin

Answer 24

hormone secreted by the kidney; raises blood pressure by influencing vasoconstriction

Question 25

sodium (Na+)

Answer 25

electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys; needed for proper transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity, and other metabolic functions

Question 26

trigone

Answer 26

triangular area int he urinary bladder

Question 27

urea

Answer 27

major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

Question 28

ureter

Answer 28

one of the two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

Question 29

urethra

Answer 29

tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Question 30

uric acid

Answer 30

nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine

Question 31

urinary bladder

Answer 31

hollow, muscular sac that holds and store urine

Question 32

urination (voiding)

Answer 32

process of expelling urine; also called micturition