Chapter 13: Pathology Flashcards
anemia
deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin
aplastic anemia
failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow
hemolytic anemia
reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction
pernicious anemia
lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream
sickle cell anemia
hereditary disorder or abnormal hemoglobin producing sickle-shaped erythrocytes and hemolysis
thalassemia
inherited defect in ability to produce hemoglobin, leading to hypochromia
hemochromatosis
excess iron deposits throughout the body
polycythemia vera
general increase in red blood cells (erythremia)
hemophilia
excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of blood clotting factors (factor VIII or IX) necessary for blood clotting
purpura
multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin
leukemia
increase in cancerous white blood cells (leukocytes)
four types of leukemia
acute myelogenous (myelocytic) leukemia (AML)
acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
chronic myelogenous (myelocytic) leukemia (CML)
chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
granulocytosis
abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood
mononucleosis
infectious disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarges cervical lymph nodes
multiple myeloma
malignant neoplasm of bone marrow
antiglobulin test (Coombs test)
test for the presence of antibodies that coat and damage erythrocytes
bleeding time
time required for blood to stop flowing from a tiny puncture wound (normal time is less than 8 minutes)
coagulation time
time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube (normal time is less than 15minutes)
complete blood count (CBC)
determination of numbers of blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit and red cell values–MCH, MCV, MCHC
erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma
hematocrit (Hct)
percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood
hemoglobin test (H, Hg, Hgb, HGB)
total amount of hemoglobin in a sample of peripheral blood
platelet count
number of platelets per cubic millimeter (mm3) or microliter or blood
prothrombin time (PT)
test of the ability of blood to clot
red blood cell count (RBC)
number of erythrocytes per cubic millimeter or microlitre of blood
red blood cell morphology
microscopic examination of a stained blood smear to determine the shape of individual red cells
white blood cell count (WBC)
number of leukocytes per cubin millimeter or microliter of blood
white blood cell differential [count]
percentages of different types of leukocytes in the blood
apheresis
separation of blood into component parts and removal of a select portion from the blood
blood transfusion
whole blood or cells are taken from a donor and infused into a patient
bone marrow biopsy
microscopic examination of a core of bone marrow removed with a needle
hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
peripheral stem cells from a compatible donor are administered to a recipient
