Chapter 13: Pathology

Question 1

anemia

Answer 1

deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin

Question 2

aplastic anemia

Answer 2

failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow

Question 3

hemolytic anemia

Answer 3

reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction

Question 4

pernicious anemia

Answer 4

lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream

Question 5

sickle cell anemia

Answer 5

hereditary disorder or abnormal hemoglobin producing sickle-shaped erythrocytes and hemolysis

Question 6

thalassemia

Answer 6

inherited defect in ability to produce hemoglobin, leading to hypochromia

Question 7

hemochromatosis

Answer 7

excess iron deposits throughout the body

Question 8

polycythemia vera

Answer 8

general increase in red blood cells (erythremia)

Question 9

hemophilia

Answer 9

excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of blood clotting factors (factor VIII or IX) necessary for blood clotting

Question 10

purpura

Answer 10

multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin

Question 11

leukemia

Answer 11

increase in cancerous white blood cells (leukocytes)

Question 12

four types of leukemia

Answer 12

acute myelogenous (myelocytic) leukemia (AML)
acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
chronic myelogenous (myelocytic) leukemia (CML)
chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

Question 13

granulocytosis

Answer 13

abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood

Question 14

mononucleosis

Answer 14

infectious disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarges cervical lymph nodes

Question 15

multiple myeloma

Answer 15

malignant neoplasm of bone marrow

Question 16

antiglobulin test (Coombs test)

Answer 16

test for the presence of antibodies that coat and damage erythrocytes

Question 17

bleeding time

Answer 17

time required for blood to stop flowing from a tiny puncture wound (normal time is less than 8 minutes)

Question 18

coagulation time

Answer 18

time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube (normal time is less than 15minutes)

Question 19

complete blood count (CBC)

Answer 19

determination of numbers of blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit and red cell values–MCH, MCV, MCHC

Question 20

erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

Answer 20

speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma

Question 21

hematocrit (Hct)

Answer 21

percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood

Question 22

hemoglobin test (H, Hg, Hgb, HGB)

Answer 22

total amount of hemoglobin in a sample of peripheral blood

Question 23

platelet count

Answer 23

number of platelets per cubic millimeter (mm3) or microliter or blood

Question 24

prothrombin time (PT)

Answer 24

test of the ability of blood to clot

Question 25

red blood cell count (RBC)

Answer 25

number of erythrocytes per cubic millimeter or microlitre of blood

Question 26

red blood cell morphology

Answer 26

microscopic examination of a stained blood smear to determine the shape of individual red cells

Question 27

white blood cell count (WBC)

Answer 27

number of leukocytes per cubin millimeter or microliter of blood

Question 28

white blood cell differential [count]

Answer 28

percentages of different types of leukocytes in the blood

Question 29

apheresis

Answer 29

separation of blood into component parts and removal of a select portion from the blood

Question 30

blood transfusion

Answer 30

whole blood or cells are taken from a donor and infused into a patient

Question 31

bone marrow biopsy

Answer 31

microscopic examination of a core of bone marrow removed with a needle

Question 32

hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Answer 32

peripheral stem cells from a compatible donor are administered to a recipient