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Medical Terminology > Chapter 13: Need to Know > Flashcards

Chapter 13: Need to Know Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

albumin

A

protein in blood; maintains the proper amount of water in the blood

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2
Q

antibody (Ab)

A

specific protein (immunoglobulin) produced by lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses or other antigens. An antibody is specific to an antigen and inactivates it

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3
Q

antigen

A

substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of an antibody

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4
Q

bilirubin

A

orange-yellow pigment in bile; formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed

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5
Q

differentiation

A

change in structure and function of a cell as it matures; specialization

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6
Q

heparin

A

anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells

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7
Q

plasmapheresis

A

removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge. Collected cells are retransfused back into the donor. Fresh-frozen plasma or salt solution is used to replace withdrawn plasma.

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8
Q

serum

A

plasma minus clotting proteins and cells. Clear, yellowish fluid that separates from blood when it is allowed to clot. It is formed from plasma, but does not contain protein-coagulation factors

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9
Q

anemia

A

deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin

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10
Q

aplastic anemia

A

failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow

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11
Q

hemolytic anemia

A

reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction

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12
Q

pernicious anemia

A

lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream

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13
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

hereditary disorder or abnormal hemoglobin producing sickle-shaped erythrocytes and hemolysis

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14
Q

pancytopenia

A

abnormal deficiency in all blood cells

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15
Q

thalassemia

A

inherited defect in ability to produce hemoglobin, leading to hypochromia

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16
Q

hemophilia

A

excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of blood clotting factors (factor VIII or IX) necessary for blood clotting

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17
Q

leukemia

A

increase in cancerous white blood cells (leukocytes)

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18
Q

AML

A

acute myelogenous (myelocytic) leukemia

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19
Q

ALL

A

acute lymphocytic leukemia

20
Q

CML

A

chronic myelogenous (myelocytic) leukemia

21
Q

CLL

A

chronic lymphocytic leukemia

22
Q

mononucleosis

A

infectious disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarges cervical lymph nodes

23
Q

EBV

A

Epstein-Barr virus; cause of mononucleosis

24
Q

coagulation time

A

time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube (normal time is less than 15minutes)

25
Q

CBC

A

complete blood count

26
Q

complete blood count

A

determination of numbers of blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit and red cell values–MCH, MCV, MCHC

27
Q

ESR

A

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

28
Q

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

A

speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma

29
Q

Hct

A

hematocrit

30
Q

hematocrit

A

percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood

31
Q

H, Hg, Hgb, HGB

A

hemoglobin test

32
Q

hemoglobin test

A

total amount of hemoglobin in a sample of peripheral blood

33
Q

red blood cell count

A

number of erythrocytes per cubic millimeter or microlitre of blood

34
Q

white blood cell count

A

number of leukocytes per cubin millimeter or microliter of blood

35
Q

apheresis

A

separation of blood into component parts and removal of a select portion from the blood

36
Q

BMT

A

bone marrow transplantation

37
Q

EPO

A

erythropoietin

38
Q

ESR

A

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

39
Q

sed rate

A

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

40
Q

lymphs

A

lymphocytes

41
Q

mono

A

monocyte

42
Q

PT

pro time

A

prothrombin time

43
Q

PTT

A

partial thromboplastin time

44
Q

RBC

A

red blood cell; red blood cell count

45
Q

WBC

A

white blood cell; white blood cell count

Medical Terminology (65 decks)

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