Chapter 13: Need to Know Flashcards
albumin
protein in blood; maintains the proper amount of water in the blood
antibody (Ab)
specific protein (immunoglobulin) produced by lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses or other antigens. An antibody is specific to an antigen and inactivates it
antigen
substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of an antibody
bilirubin
orange-yellow pigment in bile; formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed
differentiation
change in structure and function of a cell as it matures; specialization
heparin
anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells
plasmapheresis
removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge. Collected cells are retransfused back into the donor. Fresh-frozen plasma or salt solution is used to replace withdrawn plasma.
serum
plasma minus clotting proteins and cells. Clear, yellowish fluid that separates from blood when it is allowed to clot. It is formed from plasma, but does not contain protein-coagulation factors
anemia
deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin
aplastic anemia
failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow
hemolytic anemia
reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction
pernicious anemia
lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream
sickle cell anemia
hereditary disorder or abnormal hemoglobin producing sickle-shaped erythrocytes and hemolysis
pancytopenia
abnormal deficiency in all blood cells
thalassemia
inherited defect in ability to produce hemoglobin, leading to hypochromia
hemophilia
excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of blood clotting factors (factor VIII or IX) necessary for blood clotting
leukemia
increase in cancerous white blood cells (leukocytes)
AML
acute myelogenous (myelocytic) leukemia
ALL
acute lymphocytic leukemia
CML
chronic myelogenous (myelocytic) leukemia
CLL
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
mononucleosis
infectious disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarges cervical lymph nodes
EBV
Epstein-Barr virus; cause of mononucleosis
coagulation time
time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube (normal time is less than 15minutes)
