Chapter 18: Need to Know

Question 1

goiter

Answer 1

enlargement of the thyroid gland, due to lack of iodine

Question 2

hyperthyroidism

Answer 2

overactivity of the thyroid gland; thyrotoxicosis

example: Graves disease

Question 3

hypothyroidism

Answer 3

underactivity of the thyroid gland

Question 4

myxedema

Answer 4

advanced hypothyroidism in adulthood

Question 5

cretinism

Answer 5

extreme hypotbyroidism during infancy and childhood

Question 6

hypoparathyroidism

Answer 6

deficient production of parathyroid hormone

Question 7

hyperparathyroidism

Answer 7

excessive production of parathormone

Question 8

tetany

Answer 8

constant muscle contraction

Question 9

hirsutism

Answer 9

excessive hair on the face or body

Question 10

Addison disease

Answer 10

hypofuctioning of the adrenal cortex

Question 11

diabetes mellitus

Answer 11

lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin in promoting sugar, starch, and fat metabolism in cells

Question 12

ketoacidosis

Answer 12

fats are improperly burned, leading to an accumulation of ketones and acids in the body

Question 13

acromegaly

Answer 13

hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary after puberty, leading to enlargement of extremities

Question 14

gigantism

Answer 14

hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary before puberty, leading to abnormal overgrowth of body tissues

Question 15

dwarfism

Answer 15

congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone; hypopituitary dwarfism

Question 16

panhypopituitarism

Answer 16

deficiency of all pituitary hormones

Question 17

diabetes insipidus

Answer 17

insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)

Question 18

exophthalmometry

Answer 18

measurement of eyeball protrusion with an exophthalmometer

Question 19

thyroid scan

Answer 19

scanner detects radioactivity and visualizes the thyroid gland

Question 20

thyroid function tests

Answer 20

measurement of T3, T4, and TSH in the bloodstream

Question 21

ACTH

Answer 21

adrenocorticotropin hormone

Question 22

ADH

Answer 22

antidiuretic hormone–vasopressin

Question 23

DI

Answer 23

diabetes insipidus

Question 24

DM

Answer 24

diabetes mellitus

Question 25

FBG

Answer 25

fasting blood glucose

Question 26

FBS

Answer 26

fasting blood sugar

Question 27

FSH

Answer 27

follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 28

GH

Answer 28

growth hormone

Question 29

GTT

Answer 29

glucose tolerance test–measures ability to respond to a glucose load; a test for diabetes

Question 30

HbA1C

or HBA1C

Answer 30

test for the presence of glucose attached to hemoglobin (glycosylated hemoglobin test); a high level indicates poor glucose control in diabetic patients

Question 31

hCG or HCG

Answer 31

human chorionic gonadotropin

Question 32

IDDM

Answer 32

insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

Question 33

LH

Answer 33

luteinizing hormone

Question 34

NIDDM

Answer 34

non-insulin diabetes mellitus

Question 35

OT

OXT

Answer 35

oxytocin

Question 36

PRL

Answer 36

prolactin

Question 37

PTH

Answer 37

parathyroid hormone (parathormone)

Question 38

T3

Answer 38

triiodothyronine

Question 39

T4

Answer 39

thyroxine–tetraiodothyronine

Question 40

TSH

Answer 40

thyroid-stimulating hormone–secreted by the anterior pituitary gland