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Medical Terminology > Chapter 11: Vocabulary > Flashcards

Chapter 11: Vocabulary Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

aorta

A

largest artery in the body

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2
Q

apex of the heart

A

lower tip of the heart

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3
Q

arteriole

A

small artery

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4
Q

artery

A

largest type of blood vessel; carries blood away from the heart to all parts of the body

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5
Q

atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)

A

specialized muscle fiber connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them. His is pronounced “hiss”

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6
Q

atrioventricular node (AV node)

A

specialized tissue in the wall between the atria. electrical impulses pass from the pacemaker (SA node) through the AV node and the atrioventricular bundle or bundle of His toward the ventricles.

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7
Q

atrium

plural: atria

A

one of the two upper chambers of the heart

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8
Q

capillary

A

smallest blood vessel. materials pass to and from the bloodstream through the thin capillary walls

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9
Q

carbon dioxide (CO2)

A

gas (waste) released by body cells, transported via veins to the heart, and then to the lungs for exhalation

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10
Q

coronary arteries

A

blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle

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11
Q

deoxygenated blood

A

blood that is oxygen-poor

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12
Q

diastole

A

relaxation phase of the heartbeat (Greek diastole, dilation)

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13
Q

electrocardiogram

A

record of the electricity flowing through the heart. electricity is represented by waves or deflections called P, QRS, or T

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14
Q

endocardium

A

inner lining of the heart

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15
Q

endothelium

A

innermost lining of blood vessels

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16
Q

mitral valve

A

value between the left atrium and the left ventricle; bicuspid valve

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17
Q

murmur

A

abnormal swishing sound caused by improper closure of the heart valves

18
Q

myocardium

A

muscular, middle layer of the heart

19
Q

normal sinus rhythm

A

heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node with a rate in patients at rest of 60 to 100 beats per minute

20
Q

oxygen

A

gas that enters the blood through the lungs and travels to the heart to be pumped via arteries to all body cells

21
Q

pacemaker (sinoatrial node, SA node)

A

specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heartbeat. an artificial cardiac pacemaker is an electronic apparatus implanted in the chest to stimulate heart muscle that is weak and not functioning.

22
Q

pericardium

A

double-layered membrane surrounding the heart

23
Q

pulmonary artery

A

artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs

24
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

25
Q

pulmonary valve

A

valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

26
Q

pulmonary vein

A

one of two pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

27
Q

pulse

A

beat of the heart as felt through the walls of the arteries

28
Q

septum

plural: septa

A

partition or wall dividing a cavity; such as between the right and left atria (interatrial septum) and right and left ventricles (interventricular septum)

29
Q

visceral pericardium

A

internal membrane of the pericardium

30
Q

parietal pericardium

A

outer membrane of the pericardium

31
Q

sinoatrial node (SA node)

A

pacemaker of the heart

32
Q

sphygmomanometer

A

instrument to measure blood pressure

33
Q

systemic circulation

A

flow of blood from body tissue to the heart and then from the heart back to body tissues

34
Q

systole

A

contraction phase of the heartbeat. (Greek systole, contraction)

35
Q

tricuspid valve

A

located between the right atrium and the right ventricle; it has three leaflets, or cusps

36
Q

valve

A

structure in veins or in the heart that temporarily closes an opening so that blood flows in only one direction

37
Q

vein

A

thin-walled vessel that carries blood from body tissues and lungs back to the heart. veins contain valves to prevent backflow of blood

38
Q

vena cava

plural: venae cavae

A

largest vein in the body. the superior and inferior venae cavae return blood to the right atrium of the heart

39
Q

ventricle

A

one of two lower chambers of the heart

40
Q

venule

A

small vein

Medical Terminology (65 decks)

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