Chapter 11: Vocabulary Flashcards
aorta
largest artery in the body
apex of the heart
lower tip of the heart
arteriole
small artery
artery
largest type of blood vessel; carries blood away from the heart to all parts of the body
atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)
specialized muscle fiber connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them. His is pronounced “hiss”
atrioventricular node (AV node)
specialized tissue in the wall between the atria. electrical impulses pass from the pacemaker (SA node) through the AV node and the atrioventricular bundle or bundle of His toward the ventricles.
atrium
plural: atria
one of the two upper chambers of the heart
capillary
smallest blood vessel. materials pass to and from the bloodstream through the thin capillary walls
carbon dioxide (CO2)
gas (waste) released by body cells, transported via veins to the heart, and then to the lungs for exhalation
coronary arteries
blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle
deoxygenated blood
blood that is oxygen-poor
diastole
relaxation phase of the heartbeat (Greek diastole, dilation)
electrocardiogram
record of the electricity flowing through the heart. electricity is represented by waves or deflections called P, QRS, or T
endocardium
inner lining of the heart
endothelium
innermost lining of blood vessels
mitral valve
value between the left atrium and the left ventricle; bicuspid valve
murmur
abnormal swishing sound caused by improper closure of the heart valves
myocardium
muscular, middle layer of the heart
normal sinus rhythm
heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node with a rate in patients at rest of 60 to 100 beats per minute
oxygen
gas that enters the blood through the lungs and travels to the heart to be pumped via arteries to all body cells
pacemaker (sinoatrial node, SA node)
specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heartbeat. an artificial cardiac pacemaker is an electronic apparatus implanted in the chest to stimulate heart muscle that is weak and not functioning.
pericardium
double-layered membrane surrounding the heart
pulmonary artery
artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs
pulmonary circulation
flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
pulmonary valve
valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
pulmonary vein
one of two pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart
pulse
beat of the heart as felt through the walls of the arteries
septum
plural: septa
partition or wall dividing a cavity; such as between the right and left atria (interatrial septum) and right and left ventricles (interventricular septum)
visceral pericardium
internal membrane of the pericardium
parietal pericardium
outer membrane of the pericardium
sinoatrial node (SA node)
pacemaker of the heart
sphygmomanometer
instrument to measure blood pressure
systemic circulation
flow of blood from body tissue to the heart and then from the heart back to body tissues
systole
contraction phase of the heartbeat. (Greek systole, contraction)
tricuspid valve
located between the right atrium and the right ventricle; it has three leaflets, or cusps
valve
structure in veins or in the heart that temporarily closes an opening so that blood flows in only one direction
vein
thin-walled vessel that carries blood from body tissues and lungs back to the heart. veins contain valves to prevent backflow of blood
vena cava
plural: venae cavae
largest vein in the body. the superior and inferior venae cavae return blood to the right atrium of the heart
ventricle
one of two lower chambers of the heart
venule
small vein
