Chapter 12: Need to Know Flashcards
apex of the lung
tip or uppermost portion of the lung
cilia
thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract
hilum of the lung
midline region where the bronchi, blood vessel, and nerves enter and exit the lungs
mediastinum
region between the lungs in the chest cavity. contains trachea, heart, lymph nodes, aorta, esophagus, bronchial tubes
nares
openings through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities
orthopnea
abnormal condition where breathing is easier in the upright position
capn/o
carbon dioxide
coni/o
dust
phon/o
voice
phren/o
diaphragm
spir/o
breathing
tel/o
complete
-osmia
smell
-sphyxia
pulse
-thorax
pleural cavity, chest
-ectasis
dilation, widening
auscultation
listening to sounds within the body
percussion
tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure
pleural rub
scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other
rales ( crackles)
fine crackling sounds head on auscultation (during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli
rhonchi
singular: rhonchus
loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum
sputum
material expelled from the bronchi, lungs or upper respiratory tract by spitting
wheezes
continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing
epistaxis
nosebleed
asthma
chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial edema and constriction and increased mucus production
atelectasis
collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli
emphysema
hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls
pneumonia
acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction
pulmonary edema
fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles
pneumothorax
collection of air in the pleural space
bronchoscopy
fiberoptic endoscope examination of the bronchial tubes
endotracheal intubation
placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx and trachea to establish airway
pulmonary function tests
tests that measure the ventilation mechanics of the lungs: airway function, lung volume, and the capacity of the lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide efficiently
thoracentesis
surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space
tuberculin test
determines past or present tuberculous infection based on a positive skin reaction
pulmonary embolism (PE)
clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung
PPD
purified protein derivative
ABGs
arterial blood gases
AFB
acid-fast bacilus
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
C&S
culture and sensitivity
CTA
clear to auscultation
ICU
intensive care unit
LLL
left lower lobe
LUL
left upper lobe
PE
pulmonary embolism
PFTs
pulmonary function tests
PND
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
PPD
purified protein derivative
RLL
right lower lobe
TB
tuberculosis
RUL
right upper lobe
