Chapter 12: Need to Know

Question 1

apex of the lung

Answer 1

tip or uppermost portion of the lung

Question 2

cilia

Answer 2

thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract

Question 3

hilum of the lung

Answer 3

midline region where the bronchi, blood vessel, and nerves enter and exit the lungs

Question 4

mediastinum

Answer 4

region between the lungs in the chest cavity. contains trachea, heart, lymph nodes, aorta, esophagus, bronchial tubes

Question 5

nares

Answer 5

openings through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities

Question 6

orthopnea

Answer 6

abnormal condition where breathing is easier in the upright position

Question 7

capn/o

Answer 7

carbon dioxide

Question 8

coni/o

Answer 8

dust

Question 9

phon/o

Answer 9

voice

Question 10

phren/o

Answer 10

diaphragm

Question 11

spir/o

Answer 11

breathing

Question 12

tel/o

Answer 12

complete

Question 13

-osmia

Answer 13

smell

Question 14

-sphyxia

Answer 14

pulse

Question 15

-thorax

Answer 15

pleural cavity, chest

Question 16

-ectasis

Answer 16

dilation, widening

Question 17

auscultation

Answer 17

listening to sounds within the body

Question 18

percussion

Answer 18

tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure

Question 19

pleural rub

Answer 19

scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other

Question 20

rales ( crackles)

Answer 20

fine crackling sounds head on auscultation (during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli

Question 21

rhonchi

singular: rhonchus

Answer 21

loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum

Question 22

sputum

Answer 22

material expelled from the bronchi, lungs or upper respiratory tract by spitting

Question 23

wheezes

Answer 23

continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing

Question 24

epistaxis

Answer 24

nosebleed

Question 25

asthma

Answer 25

chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial edema and constriction and increased mucus production

Question 26

atelectasis

Answer 26

collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli

Question 27

emphysema

Answer 27

hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls

Question 28

pneumonia

Answer 28

acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction

Question 29

pulmonary edema

Answer 29

fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles

Question 30

pneumothorax

Answer 30

collection of air in the pleural space

Question 31

bronchoscopy

Answer 31

fiberoptic endoscope examination of the bronchial tubes

Question 32

endotracheal intubation

Answer 32

placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx and trachea to establish airway

Question 33

pulmonary function tests

Answer 33

tests that measure the ventilation mechanics of the lungs: airway function, lung volume, and the capacity of the lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide efficiently

Question 34

thoracentesis

Answer 34

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space

Question 35

tuberculin test

Answer 35

determines past or present tuberculous infection based on a positive skin reaction

Question 36

pulmonary embolism (PE)

Answer 36

clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung

Question 37

PPD

Answer 37

purified protein derivative

Question 38

ABGs

Answer 38

arterial blood gases

Question 39

AFB

Answer 39

acid-fast bacilus

Question 40

COPD

Answer 40

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 41

C&S

Answer 41

culture and sensitivity

Question 42

CTA

Answer 42

clear to auscultation

Question 43

ICU

Answer 43

intensive care unit

Question 44

LLL

Answer 44

left lower lobe

Question 45

LUL

Answer 45

left upper lobe

Question 46

PE

Answer 46

pulmonary embolism

Question 47

PFTs

Answer 47

pulmonary function tests

Question 48

PND

Answer 48

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Question 49

PPD

Answer 49

purified protein derivative

Question 50

RLL

Answer 50

right lower lobe

Question 51

TB

Answer 51

tuberculosis

Question 52

RUL

Answer 52

right upper lobe