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Medical Terminology > Chap 18, Endocrine System, Major Endocrine Glands: The hormones > Flashcards

Chap 18, Endocrine System, Major Endocrine Glands: The hormones Flashcards

Major Endocrine Glands: The hormones they produce and their actions

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Thyroid Hormones

A

Thyroxine (T4); triiodothyronine (T3); Calcitonin

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2
Q

Thyroid Hormones: Thyroxine or tetraiodothyronine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3)

A

Increases metabolism in body cells

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3
Q

Thyroid hormone: Calcitonin

A

Decreases blood calcium

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4
Q

Parathyroids Hormone

A

Parathyroid hormone or parathormone (PTH)

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5
Q

Parathyroids hormone: Parathyroid hormone or parathormone (PTH)

A

Increases blood calcium

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6
Q

Adrenal Cortex Hormones

A

Cortisol (glucocorticoid), Aldosterone (mineralocorticoid), Androgens, Estrogens (sex hormones)

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7
Q

Adrenal Cortex Hormone: Cortisol (glucocorticoid)

A

Increases blood sugar

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8
Q

Adrenal Cortex Hormone: Aldosterone (mineralocorticoid)

A

Increases reabsorption of sodium

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9
Q

Adrenal Cortex Hormone: Androgens (sex hormone)

A

Secondary sex characteristics

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10
Q

Adrenal Cortex Hormone: Estrogens (sex hormone)

A

Secondary sex characteristics

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11
Q

Adrenal Medulla Hormones

A

Epinephrine (adrenaline), Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

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12
Q

Adrenal Medulla Hormone: Epinephrine (adrenaline)

A

Sympathomimetic: it raises blood pressure and heart rate and dilates airways.

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13
Q

Adrenal Medulla Hormone: Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

A

Sympathomimetic: it raises blood pressure and heart rate and dilates airways.

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14
Q

Pancreas, Islet Cells Hormones

A

Insulin, Glucagon

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15
Q

Pancreas, Islet Cells Hormone: Insulin

A

Decreases blood sugar (glucose to glycogen)

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16
Q

Pancreas, Islet Cells Hormone: Glucagon

A

Increases blood sugar (glycogen to glucose)

17
Q

Anterior Pituitary Lobe (Adenohypophysis) Hormones

A

Growth hormone (GH) (somatotropin); Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH); Gonadotropins: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH); Prolactin (PRL)

18
Q

Adenohypophysis Hormone: Growth hormone (GH) (somatotropin)

A

Increases bone and tissue growth

19
Q

Adenohypophysis Hormone: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

A

Stimulates thyroid gland and thyroxine secretion

20
Q

Adenohypophysis Hormone: Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

Stimulates adrenal cortex, especially cortisol secretion

21
Q

Adenohypophysis Hormone: Gonadotropins: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

Oogenesis and spermatogenesis

22
Q

Adenohypophysis Hormone: Luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

Promotes ovulation; testosterone secretion

23
Q

Adenohypophysis Hormone: Prolactin (PRL)

A

Promotes growth of breast tissue and milk secretion

24
Q

Posterior Pituitary Lobe (neurohypophysis) Hormones

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (vasopressin); oxytocin

25
Q

Neurohypophysis Hormone: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (vasopressin)

A

Stimulates reabsorption of water by kidney tubules

26
Q

Neurohypophysis Hormone: oxytocin

A

Stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor and childbirth

27
Q

Ovary Hormones

A

Estrogens, Progesterone

28
Q

Ovary Hormone: Estrogens (estradiol and estrone)

A

Promote development of ova and female secondary sex characteristics

29
Q

Ovary Hormone: Progesterone

A

Prepares and maintains the uterus in pregnancy

30
Q

Testes Hormones

A

Testosterone

31
Q

Testes Hormone: testosterone

A

Promotes development of sperm and male secondary sex characteristics

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