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Medical Terminology > Chapter 15: Bones > Flashcards

Chapter 15: Bones Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

acetabulum

A

Rounded depression, or socket, in the pelvis that joins the femur (thigh bone), forming the hip joint.

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2
Q

acromion

A

Outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder. It overlies the shoulder joint and articulates with the clavicle.

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3
Q

articular cartilage

A

Thin layer of cartilage covering the bone in the joint space.

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4
Q

bone

A

Dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton.

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5
Q

bone depression

A

Opening or hollow region serving as a connection for bones, or passageways for blood vessels and nerves.

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6
Q

bone process

A

Enlarged area that extends from bones as an attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments.

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7
Q

calcium

A

One of the mineral constituents of bone.

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8
Q

cancellous bone

A

Spongy, porous, bone tissue in the inner part of a bone.

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9
Q

cartilage

A

Flexible, rubbery connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissues.

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10
Q

collagen

A

Dense, connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissues.

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11
Q

compact bone

A

Hard, dense bone tissue usually found around the outer portion of bones.

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12
Q

cranial bones

A

Skull bones: ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, temporal

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13
Q

diaphysis

A

Shaft, or mid-portion, of a long bone.

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14
Q

disc

A

Flat, round, plate-like structure. An intervertebral disk is a fibrocartilaginous substance between two vertebrae.

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15
Q

epiphyseal plate

A

Cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton.

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16
Q

epiphysis

A

Each end of a long bone; the area beyond the epipshyseal plate.

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17
Q

facial bones

A

Bones of the face: lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer, zygomatic.

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18
Q

fontanelle

A

Soft spot (incomplete bone formation) between the skull bones of an infant.

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19
Q

foramen magnum

A

Opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes.

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20
Q

harversian canals

A

Minute spaces filled with blood vessels; found in compact bone.

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21
Q

ligament

A

Fibrous tissue connecting bones to other bones.

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22
Q

malleolus

A

Round process on both sides of the ankle joint.

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23
Q

manubrium

A

Upper portion of the sternum; articulates with the medial aspect of the clavicle.

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24
Q

mastoid process

A

Round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear.

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25
Q

medullary cavity

A

Central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone.

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26
Q

metaphysis

A

Flared portion of a long bone, between the diaphysis (shaft) and the epiphyseal plate

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27
Q

olecranon

A

Large process on the proximal end of the ulna; the point of the flexed elbow.

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28
Q

orthopedist

A

Medical doctor who specialized in bone, joint, and muscle conditions.

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29
Q

osseous tissue

A

Bone tissue.

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30
Q

ossification

A

Process of bone formation.

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31
Q

osteoblast

A

Bone cell that helps form bony tissue.

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32
Q

osteoclast

A

Bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue.

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33
Q

periosteum

A

Membrane surrounding bones; rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue.

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34
Q

phosphorus

A

Mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium.

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35
Q

physiatrist

A

Medical doctor specializing in rehabilitation.

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36
Q

pubic symphysis

A

Area of confluence (coming together) of the two pubic bones in the pelvis. They are joined by a fibrocartilaginous disc.

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37
Q

red bone marrow

A

Found in cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis

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38
Q

ribs

A

Twelve pairs of curved bones that form the chest wall. True ribs are the first 7 pairs; false ribs are pairs 8 to 10; floating ribs are pairs 11 and 12

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39
Q

sella turcica

A

Depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located

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40
Q

sinus

A

hollow air cavity within a bone

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41
Q

styloid process

A

pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull

42
Q

suture

A

immovable joint between bones, such as the skull

43
Q

temporomandibular joint

A

connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone of the skull and mandibular bone of the jaw

44
Q

tendon

A

fibrous connective tissue connecting muscles and bones

45
Q

trabeculae

A

supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous (spongy) bone

46
Q

vertebra

A

individual segement of the spine composed of the vertebral body, vertebral arch, spinous process, transverse process, and lamina, enclosing the neural canal

47
Q

xiphois process

A

lower, narrow portion of the sternum

48
Q

yellow bone marrow

A

fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bones

49
Q

bone head

A

rounded end of a bone

50
Q

condyle

A

rounded knuckle-like process

51
Q

epicondyle

A

small rounded process above the condyle

52
Q

trochanters

A

large and small processes for tendon attachments

53
Q

tuberosity (tubercle)

A

small round elevation where tendons and muscles attach

54
Q

fissure

A

narrow groove or slit-like opening

55
Q

foramen

A

opening for blood vessels and nerves

56
Q

fossa

A

shallow cavity in or on a bone

57
Q

sinus

A

hollow cavity within bone

58
Q

ethmoid bone

A

supports nasal cavity and eye sockets

59
Q

frontal bone

A

forehead; part of eye sockets

60
Q

occipital bone

A

back and base of skull

61
Q

parietal bones

A

top and sides of skull

62
Q

sphenoid bone

A

base of skull and behind eyes (bat shaped bone)

63
Q

temporal bones

A

lower sdes and back of skull

64
Q

lacrimal bones

A

corners of each eye

65
Q

mandible

A

lower jawbone

66
Q

maxillae

A

upper jawbones

67
Q

nasal bones

A

bridge and septum of nose

68
Q

vomer

A

nasal septum (thin, flat bone)

69
Q

zygomatic bones

A

cheek bones

70
Q

acetabulum

A

hip socket

71
Q

calcaneus

A

heel

72
Q

carpals

A

wrist bones

73
Q

clavicle

A

collar bone

74
Q

coccyx

A

tailbone

75
Q

cranium

A

skull

76
Q

femur

A

thigh bone

77
Q

fibula

A

smaller of the two lower leg bones

78
Q

humerus

A

upper arm bone

79
Q

ilium

A

upper part of pelvic bone

80
Q

ischium

A

inferior or lower part of the pelvic bone

81
Q

malleolus

A

ankle

82
Q

mandible

A

lower jawbone

83
Q

maxilla

A

upper jawbone

84
Q

metacarpals

A

hand bones

85
Q

metatarsals

A

midfoot bones

86
Q

olecranon

A

elbow

87
Q

patella

A

kneecap

88
Q

phalanges

A

finger and toe bones

89
Q

pubis

A

anterior part of the pelvic bone

90
Q

radius

A

forearm bone–thumb side

91
Q

scapula

A

shoulder blade

92
Q

sternum

A

breastbone

93
Q

tarsals

A

hindfoot bones

94
Q

tibia

A

shin bone–larger of the two lower leg bones

95
Q

ulna

A

forearm bone–little finger side

96
Q

vertebra

A

backbone/spine

97
Q

colles

A

near the wrist at distal end of the radius

98
Q

comminuted

A

bone is splintered and crushed into several pieces

99
Q

compression

A

bone collapses or is compressed; occurs in vertebrae

100
Q

greenstick

A

bone is partially broken; breaks on one surface and bends on another; often occurring in forearm

101
Q

impacted

A

one fragment is driven firmly into the other; at the head of the femur or head of the humerus

Medical Terminology (65 decks)

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