Chapter 15: Bones Flashcards by Ting C.

acetabulum

Rounded depression, or socket, in the pelvis that joins the femur (thigh bone), forming the hip joint.

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acromion

Outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder. It overlies the shoulder joint and articulates with the clavicle.

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articular cartilage

Thin layer of cartilage covering the bone in the joint space.

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bone

Dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton.

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bone depression

Opening or hollow region serving as a connection for bones, or passageways for blood vessels and nerves.

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bone process

Enlarged area that extends from bones as an attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments.

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calcium

One of the mineral constituents of bone.

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cancellous bone

Spongy, porous, bone tissue in the inner part of a bone.

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cartilage

Flexible, rubbery connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissues.

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collagen

Dense, connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissues.

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compact bone

Hard, dense bone tissue usually found around the outer portion of bones.

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cranial bones

Skull bones: ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, temporal

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diaphysis

Shaft, or mid-portion, of a long bone.

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disc

Flat, round, plate-like structure. An intervertebral disk is a fibrocartilaginous substance between two vertebrae.

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epiphyseal plate

Cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton.

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epiphysis

Each end of a long bone; the area beyond the epipshyseal plate.

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facial bones

Bones of the face: lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer, zygomatic.

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fontanelle

Soft spot (incomplete bone formation) between the skull bones of an infant.

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foramen magnum

Opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes.

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harversian canals

Minute spaces filled with blood vessels; found in compact bone.

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ligament

Fibrous tissue connecting bones to other bones.

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malleolus

Round process on both sides of the ankle joint.

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manubrium

Upper portion of the sternum; articulates with the medial aspect of the clavicle.

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mastoid process

Round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear.

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medullary cavity

Central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone.

metaphysis

Flared portion of a long bone, between the diaphysis (shaft) and the epiphyseal plate

olecranon

Large process on the proximal end of the ulna; the point of the flexed elbow.

orthopedist

Medical doctor who specialized in bone, joint, and muscle conditions.

osseous tissue

Bone tissue.

ossification

Process of bone formation.

osteoblast

Bone cell that helps form bony tissue.

osteoclast

Bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue.

periosteum

Membrane surrounding bones; rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue.

phosphorus

Mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium.

physiatrist

Medical doctor specializing in rehabilitation.

pubic symphysis

Area of confluence (coming together) of the two pubic bones in the pelvis. They are joined by a fibrocartilaginous disc.

red bone marrow

Found in cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis

ribs

Twelve pairs of curved bones that form the chest wall. True ribs are the first 7 pairs; false ribs are pairs 8 to 10; floating ribs are pairs 11 and 12

sella turcica

Depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located

sinus

hollow air cavity within a bone

styloid process

pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull

suture

immovable joint between bones, such as the skull

temporomandibular joint

connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone of the skull and mandibular bone of the jaw

tendon

fibrous connective tissue connecting muscles and bones

trabeculae

supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous (spongy) bone

vertebra

individual segement of the spine composed of the vertebral body, vertebral arch, spinous process, transverse process, and lamina, enclosing the neural canal

xiphois process

lower, narrow portion of the sternum

yellow bone marrow

fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bones

bone head

rounded end of a bone

condyle

rounded knuckle-like process

epicondyle

small rounded process above the condyle

trochanters

large and small processes for tendon attachments

tuberosity (tubercle)

small round elevation where tendons and muscles attach

fissure

narrow groove or slit-like opening

foramen

opening for blood vessels and nerves

fossa

shallow cavity in or on a bone

sinus

hollow cavity within bone

ethmoid bone

supports nasal cavity and eye sockets

frontal bone

forehead; part of eye sockets

occipital bone

back and base of skull

parietal bones

top and sides of skull

sphenoid bone

base of skull and behind eyes (bat shaped bone)

temporal bones

lower sdes and back of skull

lacrimal bones

corners of each eye

mandible

lower jawbone

maxillae

upper jawbones

nasal bones

bridge and septum of nose

vomer

nasal septum (thin, flat bone)

zygomatic bones

cheek bones

acetabulum

hip socket

calcaneus

heel

carpals

wrist bones

clavicle

collar bone

coccyx

tailbone

cranium

skull

femur

thigh bone

fibula

smaller of the two lower leg bones

humerus

upper arm bone

ilium

upper part of pelvic bone

ischium

inferior or lower part of the pelvic bone

malleolus

ankle

mandible

lower jawbone

maxilla

upper jawbone

metacarpals

hand bones

metatarsals

midfoot bones

olecranon

elbow

patella

kneecap

phalanges

finger and toe bones

pubis

anterior part of the pelvic bone

radius

forearm bone--thumb side

scapula

shoulder blade

sternum

breastbone

tarsals

hindfoot bones

tibia

shin bone--larger of the two lower leg bones

ulna

forearm bone--little finger side

vertebra

backbone/spine

colles

near the wrist at distal end of the radius

comminuted

bone is splintered and crushed into several pieces

compression

bone collapses or is compressed; occurs in vertebrae

greenstick

bone is partially broken; breaks on one surface and bends on another; often occurring in forearm

impacted

one fragment is driven firmly into the other; at the head of the femur or head of the humerus