Chapter 15: Bones Flashcards
acetabulum
Rounded depression, or socket, in the pelvis that joins the femur (thigh bone), forming the hip joint.
acromion
Outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder. It overlies the shoulder joint and articulates with the clavicle.
articular cartilage
Thin layer of cartilage covering the bone in the joint space.
bone
Dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton.
bone depression
Opening or hollow region serving as a connection for bones, or passageways for blood vessels and nerves.
bone process
Enlarged area that extends from bones as an attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments.
calcium
One of the mineral constituents of bone.
cancellous bone
Spongy, porous, bone tissue in the inner part of a bone.
cartilage
Flexible, rubbery connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissues.
collagen
Dense, connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissues.
compact bone
Hard, dense bone tissue usually found around the outer portion of bones.
cranial bones
Skull bones: ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, temporal
diaphysis
Shaft, or mid-portion, of a long bone.
disc
Flat, round, plate-like structure. An intervertebral disk is a fibrocartilaginous substance between two vertebrae.
epiphyseal plate
Cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton.
epiphysis
Each end of a long bone; the area beyond the epipshyseal plate.
facial bones
Bones of the face: lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer, zygomatic.
fontanelle
Soft spot (incomplete bone formation) between the skull bones of an infant.
foramen magnum
Opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes.
harversian canals
Minute spaces filled with blood vessels; found in compact bone.
ligament
Fibrous tissue connecting bones to other bones.
malleolus
Round process on both sides of the ankle joint.
manubrium
Upper portion of the sternum; articulates with the medial aspect of the clavicle.
mastoid process
Round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear.
medullary cavity
Central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone.
metaphysis
Flared portion of a long bone, between the diaphysis (shaft) and the epiphyseal plate
olecranon
Large process on the proximal end of the ulna; the point of the flexed elbow.
orthopedist
Medical doctor who specialized in bone, joint, and muscle conditions.
osseous tissue
Bone tissue.
ossification
Process of bone formation.
osteoblast
Bone cell that helps form bony tissue.
osteoclast
Bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue.
periosteum
Membrane surrounding bones; rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue.
phosphorus
Mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium.
physiatrist
Medical doctor specializing in rehabilitation.
pubic symphysis
Area of confluence (coming together) of the two pubic bones in the pelvis. They are joined by a fibrocartilaginous disc.
red bone marrow
Found in cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis
ribs
Twelve pairs of curved bones that form the chest wall. True ribs are the first 7 pairs; false ribs are pairs 8 to 10; floating ribs are pairs 11 and 12
sella turcica
Depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located
sinus
hollow air cavity within a bone
styloid process
pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull
suture
immovable joint between bones, such as the skull
temporomandibular joint
connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone of the skull and mandibular bone of the jaw
tendon
fibrous connective tissue connecting muscles and bones
trabeculae
supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous (spongy) bone
vertebra
individual segement of the spine composed of the vertebral body, vertebral arch, spinous process, transverse process, and lamina, enclosing the neural canal
xiphois process
lower, narrow portion of the sternum
yellow bone marrow
fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bones
bone head
rounded end of a bone
condyle
rounded knuckle-like process
epicondyle
small rounded process above the condyle
trochanters
large and small processes for tendon attachments
tuberosity (tubercle)
small round elevation where tendons and muscles attach
fissure
narrow groove or slit-like opening
foramen
opening for blood vessels and nerves
fossa
shallow cavity in or on a bone
sinus
hollow cavity within bone
ethmoid bone
supports nasal cavity and eye sockets
frontal bone
forehead; part of eye sockets
occipital bone
back and base of skull
parietal bones
top and sides of skull
sphenoid bone
base of skull and behind eyes (bat shaped bone)
temporal bones
lower sdes and back of skull
lacrimal bones
corners of each eye
mandible
lower jawbone
maxillae
upper jawbones
nasal bones
bridge and septum of nose
vomer
nasal septum (thin, flat bone)
zygomatic bones
cheek bones
acetabulum
hip socket
calcaneus
heel
carpals
wrist bones
clavicle
collar bone
coccyx
tailbone
cranium
skull
femur
thigh bone
fibula
smaller of the two lower leg bones
humerus
upper arm bone
ilium
upper part of pelvic bone
ischium
inferior or lower part of the pelvic bone
malleolus
ankle
mandible
lower jawbone
maxilla
upper jawbone
metacarpals
hand bones
metatarsals
midfoot bones
olecranon
elbow
patella
kneecap
phalanges
finger and toe bones
pubis
anterior part of the pelvic bone
radius
forearm bone–thumb side
scapula
shoulder blade
sternum
breastbone
tarsals
hindfoot bones
tibia
shin bone–larger of the two lower leg bones
ulna
forearm bone–little finger side
vertebra
backbone/spine
colles
near the wrist at distal end of the radius
comminuted
bone is splintered and crushed into several pieces
compression
bone collapses or is compressed; occurs in vertebrae
greenstick
bone is partially broken; breaks on one surface and bends on another; often occurring in forearm
impacted
one fragment is driven firmly into the other; at the head of the femur or head of the humerus
