Chapter 15: Bones Flashcards
acetabulum
Rounded depression, or socket, in the pelvis that joins the femur (thigh bone), forming the hip joint.
acromion
Outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder. It overlies the shoulder joint and articulates with the clavicle.
articular cartilage
Thin layer of cartilage covering the bone in the joint space.
bone
Dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton.
bone depression
Opening or hollow region serving as a connection for bones, or passageways for blood vessels and nerves.
bone process
Enlarged area that extends from bones as an attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments.
calcium
One of the mineral constituents of bone.
cancellous bone
Spongy, porous, bone tissue in the inner part of a bone.
cartilage
Flexible, rubbery connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissues.
collagen
Dense, connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissues.
compact bone
Hard, dense bone tissue usually found around the outer portion of bones.
cranial bones
Skull bones: ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, temporal
diaphysis
Shaft, or mid-portion, of a long bone.
disc
Flat, round, plate-like structure. An intervertebral disk is a fibrocartilaginous substance between two vertebrae.
epiphyseal plate
Cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton.
epiphysis
Each end of a long bone; the area beyond the epipshyseal plate.
facial bones
Bones of the face: lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer, zygomatic.
fontanelle
Soft spot (incomplete bone formation) between the skull bones of an infant.
foramen magnum
Opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes.
harversian canals
Minute spaces filled with blood vessels; found in compact bone.
ligament
Fibrous tissue connecting bones to other bones.
malleolus
Round process on both sides of the ankle joint.
manubrium
Upper portion of the sternum; articulates with the medial aspect of the clavicle.
mastoid process
Round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear.
medullary cavity
Central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone.
metaphysis
Flared portion of a long bone, between the diaphysis (shaft) and the epiphyseal plate
olecranon
Large process on the proximal end of the ulna; the point of the flexed elbow.
orthopedist
Medical doctor who specialized in bone, joint, and muscle conditions.
osseous tissue
Bone tissue.
ossification
Process of bone formation.
osteoblast
Bone cell that helps form bony tissue.
osteoclast
Bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue.
periosteum
Membrane surrounding bones; rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue.
phosphorus
Mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium.
physiatrist
Medical doctor specializing in rehabilitation.
pubic symphysis
Area of confluence (coming together) of the two pubic bones in the pelvis. They are joined by a fibrocartilaginous disc.
red bone marrow
Found in cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis
ribs
Twelve pairs of curved bones that form the chest wall. True ribs are the first 7 pairs; false ribs are pairs 8 to 10; floating ribs are pairs 11 and 12
sella turcica
Depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located
sinus
hollow air cavity within a bone
