Chapter 17: Eyes Need to Know

Question 1

macular degeneration

Answer 1

progressive damage to the macula of the retina

Question 2

strabismus

Answer 2

abnormal deviation of the eye

Question 3

fluorescein angiography

Answer 3

intraveinous injection of flourescein (a dye) followed by serial photographs of the retina through dilated pupils

Question 4

ophthalmoscopy

Answer 4

visual examination of the interior of the eye

Question 5

Snellen chart

Answer 5

assesses visual acuity

Question 6

accommodation

Answer 6

normal adjustment of the eye to focus on objects from far to near. the ciliary body adjusts the lens and the pupil constricts

Question 7

anterior chamber

Answer 7

area behind the cornea and in front of the lens and iris. it contains aqueous humor

Question 8

ciliary body

Answer 8

structure surrounding the lens that connects the choroid and iris. contains ciliary muscles, which control the shape of the lens and it secretes aqueous humor

Question 9

cone

Answer 9

photoreceptor cell in the retina that transforms light energy into a nerve impulse. cones are responsible for colour and central vision

Question 10

conjunctiva

Answer 10

delicate membrane lining the undersurface of the eyelids and covering the anterior eyeball

Question 11

cornea

Answer 11

fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball

Question 12

fovea centralis

Answer 12

tiny pit or depression in the retina that is a region of clearest vision

Question 13

iris

Answer 13

pigmented layer that opens and closes to allow more or less light into the eye

Question 14

lens

Answer 14

transparent, biconvex body behind the pupil of the eye. it bends light rays to bring them into focus on the retina

Question 15

macula

Answer 15

yellowish region on the retina lateral to and slightly below the optic disc; contains the fovea centralis, which is the area of the clearest vision

Question 16

optic disc

Answer 16

region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina. it is the blind spot of the eye because it contains only nerve fibres, no rods or cones, and is thus insensitive to light

Question 17

optic nerve

Answer 17

cranial nerve carrying impulses from the retina to the brain

Question 18

pupil

Answer 18

central opening of the eye, surrounded by the iris, through which light rays pass. it appears dark

Question 19

vitreous humor

Answer 19

soft, jelly-like material behind the lens in the vitreous chamber; helps maintain the shape of the eyeball

Question 20

blephar/o

Answer 20

eyelid

Question 21

corne/o

Answer 21

cornea

Question 22

kerat/o

Answer 22

cornea

Question 23

phac/o

phak/o

Answer 23

lens of the eye

Question 24

astigmatism

Answer 24

defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye

Question 25

presbyopia

Answer 25

impairment of vision as a result of old age

Question 26

cataract

Answer 26

clouding of the lens, causing decreased vision

Question 27

glaucoma

Answer 27

increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve with loss of vision

Question 28

macular degeneration

Answer 28

progressive damage to the macula of the retina

Question 29

slit lamp microscopy

Answer 29

examination of anterior ocular structures under microscopic magnification

Question 30

keratoplasty

Answer 30

surgical repair of the cornea