Chapter 14: Vocabulary Flashcards
adaptive immunity
ability to recognize and remember specific antigens and mount an attack
Example: humoral (B cell) & cell-mediated immunity (T cell)
adenoids
mass of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx
antibody
protein produced by B cells to destroy antigens
antigen
substance that the body recognizes as foreign
axillary nodes
lymph nodes in the armpit
B cell (B lymphocyte)
lymphocyte that matures into a plasma cell to secrete antibodies
cell-mediated immunity
T cells that respond to antigens and destroy them
cervical nodes
lymph nodes in the neck region
complement system
proteins in the blood that help antibodies kill their target
cytokines
proteins secreted by cytotoxic T cells to aid in antigen destruction
example: interferons and interleukins
cytotoxic T cell
lymphocyte that directly kills antigens; called CD8-positive T cell
dendritic cell
antigen-presenting cell. Shows T and B cells what to attack
helper T cell
lymphocyte that aids B cells and stimulates T cells. also called CD4-positive T cell
humoral immunity
B cells produce antibodies after exposure to specific antigens; type of adaptive immunity
immunity
body’s ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins that damage tissues and organs
immunoglobulins
antibodies such as IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM, and IgD; secreted by plasma cells in response to the presence of an antigen
immunotherapy
use of immune cells, antibodies, or vaccines to treat or prevent disease
inguinal nodes
lymph nodes in the groin region
interferons
proteins that stimulate the growth of B and T lymphoctyes
interstitial fluid
fluid in the spaces between cells. this fluid becomes lymph when it enters lymph capillaries
lymph
thin, watery fluid found within lymphatic vessels and collected from tissues throughout the body
lymph capillaries
tiniest lymphatic vessels
lymphoid organs
lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland
lymph node
collection of stationary solid lymphatic tissue along lymph vessels; contains cells (lymphocytes and macrophages) that fight infection
lymph vessel
carrier of lymph throughout the body; lymphatic vessels empty lymph into veins in the upper part of the chest
macrophage
large phagocyte found in lymph nodes and other tissues of the body
mediastinal nodes
lymph nodes in the area between the lungs in the thoracic cavity
mesentric nodes
lymph nodes in the mesentery (intestinal region)
monoclonal antibody
antibody produced in a laboratory to attack antigens and to destroy cells
natural immunity
protection that an individual is born with to find infection such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and NK cells. (natural killer cells) Is not antigen specific and does not elicit memory
paraaortic nodes
lymph nodes near the aorta in the lumbar area of the body
plasma cell
lymphocyte that secretes antibodies. matures from B cells
right lymphatic duct
lymphatic vessel in the chest that drains lymph from the upper right part of the body
spleen
organ in the LUQ of the abdomen that destroys worn-out red blood cells, activates lymphocytes and stores blood
suppressor T cell
lymphocyte that inhibits the activity of B and T cells. also called Treg (regulatory T cell)
T cell (T lymphocyte)
lymphocyte that acts directly on antigens to destroy them or produce chemicals such as interferons and interleukins that are toxic to antigens
tolerance
the ability of T lymphocytes to recognize and accept the body’s own antigens as “self” or friendly. once tolerance is established, immune system will not react against body
thoracic duct
large lymphatic vessel that drains lymph from the lower and left side of the body
thymus gland
lymphoid organ in the mediastinum that conditions T cells to react to foreign cells and aids in the immune response
tonsils
masses of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx
toxin
poison; protein produced by certain bacteria, animals or plants
vaccination
exposure to an antigen that provokes an immune response
vaccine
weakened or killed microorganisms, toxins, or other proteins given to induce immunity to infection or disease
