Chapter 14: Vocabulary

Question 1

adaptive immunity

Answer 1

ability to recognize and remember specific antigens and mount an attack
Example: humoral (B cell) & cell-mediated immunity (T cell)

Question 2

adenoids

Answer 2

mass of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx

Question 3

antibody

Answer 3

protein produced by B cells to destroy antigens

Question 4

antigen

Answer 4

substance that the body recognizes as foreign

Question 5

axillary nodes

Answer 5

lymph nodes in the armpit

Question 6

B cell (B lymphocyte)

Answer 6

lymphocyte that matures into a plasma cell to secrete antibodies

Question 7

cell-mediated immunity

Answer 7

T cells that respond to antigens and destroy them

Question 8

cervical nodes

Answer 8

lymph nodes in the neck region

Question 9

complement system

Answer 9

proteins in the blood that help antibodies kill their target

Question 10

cytokines

Answer 10

proteins secreted by cytotoxic T cells to aid in antigen destruction
example: interferons and interleukins

Question 11

cytotoxic T cell

Answer 11

lymphocyte that directly kills antigens; called CD8-positive T cell

Question 12

dendritic cell

Answer 12

antigen-presenting cell. Shows T and B cells what to attack

Question 13

helper T cell

Answer 13

lymphocyte that aids B cells and stimulates T cells. also called CD4-positive T cell

Question 14

humoral immunity

Answer 14

B cells produce antibodies after exposure to specific antigens; type of adaptive immunity

Question 15

immunity

Answer 15

body’s ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins that damage tissues and organs

Question 16

immunoglobulins

Answer 16

antibodies such as IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM, and IgD; secreted by plasma cells in response to the presence of an antigen

Question 17

immunotherapy

Answer 17

use of immune cells, antibodies, or vaccines to treat or prevent disease

Question 18

inguinal nodes

Answer 18

lymph nodes in the groin region

Question 19

interferons

Answer 19

proteins that stimulate the growth of B and T lymphoctyes

Question 20

interstitial fluid

Answer 20

fluid in the spaces between cells. this fluid becomes lymph when it enters lymph capillaries

Question 21

lymph

Answer 21

thin, watery fluid found within lymphatic vessels and collected from tissues throughout the body

Question 22

lymph capillaries

Answer 22

tiniest lymphatic vessels

Question 23

lymphoid organs

Answer 23

lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland

Question 24

lymph node

Answer 24

collection of stationary solid lymphatic tissue along lymph vessels; contains cells (lymphocytes and macrophages) that fight infection

Question 25

lymph vessel

Answer 25

carrier of lymph throughout the body; lymphatic vessels empty lymph into veins in the upper part of the chest

Question 26

macrophage

Answer 26

large phagocyte found in lymph nodes and other tissues of the body

Question 27

mediastinal nodes

Answer 27

lymph nodes in the area between the lungs in the thoracic cavity

Question 28

mesentric nodes

Answer 28

lymph nodes in the mesentery (intestinal region)

Question 29

monoclonal antibody

Answer 29

antibody produced in a laboratory to attack antigens and to destroy cells

Question 30

natural immunity

Answer 30

protection that an individual is born with to find infection such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and NK cells. (natural killer cells) Is not antigen specific and does not elicit memory

Question 31

paraaortic nodes

Answer 31

lymph nodes near the aorta in the lumbar area of the body

Question 32

plasma cell

Answer 32

lymphocyte that secretes antibodies. matures from B cells

Question 33

right lymphatic duct

Answer 33

lymphatic vessel in the chest that drains lymph from the upper right part of the body

Question 34

spleen

Answer 34

organ in the LUQ of the abdomen that destroys worn-out red blood cells, activates lymphocytes and stores blood

Question 35

suppressor T cell

Answer 35

lymphocyte that inhibits the activity of B and T cells. also called Treg (regulatory T cell)

Question 36

T cell (T lymphocyte)

Answer 36

lymphocyte that acts directly on antigens to destroy them or produce chemicals such as interferons and interleukins that are toxic to antigens

Question 37

tolerance

Answer 37

the ability of T lymphocytes to recognize and accept the body’s own antigens as “self” or friendly. once tolerance is established, immune system will not react against body

Question 38

thoracic duct

Answer 38

large lymphatic vessel that drains lymph from the lower and left side of the body

Question 39

thymus gland

Answer 39

lymphoid organ in the mediastinum that conditions T cells to react to foreign cells and aids in the immune response

Question 40

tonsils

Answer 40

masses of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx

Question 41

toxin

Answer 41

poison; protein produced by certain bacteria, animals or plants

Question 42

vaccination

Answer 42

exposure to an antigen that provokes an immune response

Question 43

vaccine

Answer 43

weakened or killed microorganisms, toxins, or other proteins given to induce immunity to infection or disease