Chapter 13: Vocabulary Flashcards
albumin
protein in blood; maintains the proper amount of water in the blood
antibody (Ab)
specific protein (immunoglobulin) produced by lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses or other antigens. An antibody is specific to an antigen and inactivates it
antigen
substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of an antibody
basophil
white blood cell containing granules that stain blue; associated with release of histamine and heparin
bilirubin
orange-yellow pigment in bile; formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed
coagulation
blood clotting
colony-stimulating factor (CSF)
protein that stimulates growth of white blood cells (granulocytes)
differentiation
change in structure and function of a cell as it matures; specialization
electrophoresis
method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge
eosinophil
white blood cell containing granules that stain red; associated with allergic reactions
erythroblast
immature red blood cell
erythroprotein (EPO)
hormone secreted by the kidneys; stimulates red blood cell formation
fibrin
protein that forms the basis of a blood clot
fibrinogen
plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process
globulin
plasma protein; alpha, beta, and gamma (immune) globulins are examples
granulocyte
white blood cell with numerous dark staining granules: eosinophil, neutrophil, and basophil
hematopoietic stem cell
cell int he bone marrow that gives rise to all types of blood cells
hemolysis
destruction of breakdown of blood (red blood cells)
heparin
anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells
immune reaction
response of the immune system to foreign invasion
immunoglobulin
protein (globulin) with antibody activity; examples are IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD
leukocyte
white blood cell
lymphocyte
mononuclear leukocyte that produces antibodies
macrophage
monocyte that migrates from the blood to tissue spaces. As a phagocyte, it engulfs foreign material and debris. In the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, macrophages destroy worn out red blood cells
megakaryocyte
large platelet precursor cell found in the bone marrow
monocyte
leukocyte with one large nucleus. It is a cell that engulfs foreign material and debris. Monocytes become macrophages as they leave the blood and enter body tissues
mononuclear
pertaining to a cell (leukocyte) with a single round nucleus; lymphocytes and monocytes are mononuclear leukocytes
myeloblast
immature bone marrow that gives rise to granulocytes
neutrophil
granulocytic leukocyte formed in bone marrow. It is phagocytic tissue-fighting cell. Also called a polymorphonuclear leukocyte
plasma
liquid portion of blood; contains water, proteins, salts, nutrients, lipids, hormones and vitamins
plasmapheresis
removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge. Collected cells are retransfused back into the donor. Fresh-frozen plasma or salt solution is used to replace withdrawn plasma.
platelet
small blood fragment that collects at sites of injury to begin the clotting process
polymorphonuclear
pertaining to a white blood cell with a multi-lobed; neutrophil
prothrombin
plasma protein; converted to thrombin in the clotting process
reticulocyte
immature erythrocyte. a network of strands (reticulin) is seen after staining the cell with special dyes
rH factor
antigen on red blood cells of Eh-positive (Rh+) individuals
serum
plasma minus clotting proteins and cells. Clear, yellowish fluid that separates from blood when it is allowed to clot. It is formed from plasma, but does not contain protein-coagulation factors
stem cell
unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature, specialized forms. A hematopoietic stem cell is the progenitor for all different types of blood cells
thrombin
enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation
thrombocyte
platelet
