Chapter 10: Vocabulary Flashcards
acetylcholine
neurotransmitter chemical released at the ends of nerve cells
afferent nerve
carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord (sensory nerve).
arachnoid membrane
middle layer of the three membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord.
astrocyte
type of glial cell that transports water and salts from capillaries
autonomic nervous system
nerves that control involuntary body functions of muscles, glands, and internal organs
axon
microscopic fiber that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell
blood-brain barrier
protective separation between the blood and brain cells. this makes it difficult for substances to penetrate capillary walls and enter the brain
brainstem
posterior portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord; includes the pons and medulla oblongata
cauda equina
collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord
cell body
part of a nerve cell that contains the nucleus
central nervous system
the brain and the spinal cord
cerebellum
posterior part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance
cerebral cortex
outer region of the cerebrum, containing sheets of nerve cells; gray matter of the brain
cerebrospinal fluid
circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord
cerebrum
largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory
cranial nerves
twelve pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the brain with regard to the head and neck
dendrite
microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell that is the first part to receive the nervous impulse
dura mater
thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord
efferent nerve
carries messages away from the brain and spinal cord; motor nerve
ependymal cell
glial cell that lines membranes within the brain and spinal cord and helps form cerebrospinal fluid