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Medical Terminology > Chapter 11: Need to Know Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 11: Need to Know Terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

aorta

A

largest artery in the body

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2
Q

arteriole

A

small artery

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3
Q

artery

A

largest type of blood vessel; carries blood away from the heart to all parts of the body

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4
Q

coronary arteries

A

blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle

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5
Q

deoxygenated blood

A

blood that is oxygen-poor

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6
Q

diastole

A

relaxation phase of the heartbeat (Greek diastole, dilation)

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7
Q

electrocardiogram

A

record of the electricity flowing through the heart. electricity is represented by waves or deflections called P, QRS, or T

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8
Q

endocardium

A

inner lining of the heart

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9
Q

endothelium

A

innermost lining of blood vessels

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10
Q

mitral valve

A

value between the left atrium and the left ventricle; bicuspid valve

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11
Q

murmur

A

abnormal swishing sound caused by improper closure of the heart valves

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12
Q

myocardium

A

muscular, middle layer of the heart

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13
Q

septum

septa

A

four chambers of the heart separated by partitions

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14
Q

sphygmomanometer

A

instrument to measure blood pressure

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15
Q

systole

A

contraction phase of the heartbeat. (Greek systole, contraction)

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16
Q

tricuspid valve

A

located between the right atrium and the right ventricle; it has three leaflets, or cusps

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17
Q

valve

A

structure in veins or in the heart that temporarily closes an opening so that blood flows in only one direction

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18
Q

vein

A

thin-walled vessel that carries blood from body tissues and lungs back to the heart. veins contain valves to prevent backflow of blood

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19
Q

ventricle

A

one of two lower chambers of the heart

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20
Q

venule

A

small vein

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21
Q

auscultation

A

listening to the internal sounds of the body

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22
Q

arrhythmias

A

abnormal heart rhythms

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23
Q

flutter

A

rapid but regular contractions, usually of the atria

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24
Q

fibrillation

A

very rapid, random, inefficient and irregular contractions of the heart (350 or more beats per minute)

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25
Q

atrial fibrillation (AF)

A

most common type of cardiac arrhythmia

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26
Q

palpitations

A

uncomfortable sensations in the chest from missed heartbeats

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27
Q

ventricular fibrillation (VF)

A

electrical impulses move randomly throughout the ventricles

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28
Q

implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)

A

small electrical device that is implanted inside the chest to sense arrhythmias and terminate them with an electric shock

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29
Q

congestive heart failure (CHF)

A

heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood

30
Q

congenital heart disease

A

abnormalities in the heart at birth

31
Q

CABG

A

coronary artery bypass grafting

32
Q

PCI

A

percutaneous coronary intervention

33
Q

endocarditis

A

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

34
Q

MVP

A

mitral valve prolapse

35
Q

bruit

A

abnormal blowing or swishing sound heard during auscultation of an artery or organ

36
Q

thrill

A

vibration felt over an area of turmoil in blood flow

37
Q

aneurysm

A

local widening (dilation) of an arterial wall

38
Q

AAA

A

abdominal aortic aneurysm

39
Q

DVT

A

deep vein thrombosis

40
Q

PAD

A

peripheral arterial disease

41
Q

angina

A

chest pain resulting from myocardial ischemia

42
Q

cardiac arrest

A

sudden, unexpected stoppage of heart action, often leading to sudden cardiac death

43
Q

embolus

emboli

A

clot or other substance that travels to a distant location and suddenly blocks a blood vessel

44
Q

infarction

A

area of dead tissue

45
Q

occlusion

A

closure of a blood vessel due to blockage

46
Q

pericardial friction rub

A

scraping or grating noise heard on auscultation of the heart

47
Q

vegetations

A

clumps of platelets, clotting proteins, microorganisms, and red blood cells on diseased heart valves

48
Q

BNP Test

A

measurement of BNP ( brain natriuretic peptide) in blood

49
Q

lipid tests (lipid profile)

A

measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides (fats) in a blood sample

50
Q

lioprotein electrophoresis

A

lipoproteins (combinations of fat and protein) are physically separated and measured in a blood sample

51
Q

angiography

A

x-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material

52
Q

cardiac catheterization

A

thin, flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein or an artery

53
Q

electrocardiography (ECG)

A

recording of electricity flowing though the heart

54
Q

(ECG)

A

electrocardiography

55
Q

Holter monitering

A

an ECG device is worn during a 24-hour period to detect cardiac arrhythmias

56
Q

endarterectomy

A

surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery

57
Q

PCI

A

percutaneous coronary intervention

58
Q

AF, a-fib

A

atrial fibrillation

59
Q

BP

A

blood pressure

60
Q

CABG

A

coronary artery bypass grafting

61
Q

CAD

A

coronary artery disease

62
Q

CCU

A

coronary care unit

63
Q

CHF

A

congestive heart failure

64
Q

CPR

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

65
Q

DVT

A

deep vein thrombosis

66
Q

ECG or EKG

A

electrocardiography

67
Q

ECHO

A

echocardiography

68
Q

ETT

A

exercise tolerance test

69
Q

MI

A

myocardial infarction

70
Q

MVP

A

mitral valve prolapse

71
Q

SOB

A

shortness of breath

72
Q

SVT

A

supraventricular tachycardia; rapid heartbeats arising from the atria and causing palpitations, SOB, and dizziness

Medical Terminology (65 decks)

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