Chapter 14: Need to Know

Question 1

antibody

Answer 1

protein produced by B cells to destroy antigens

Question 2

antigen

Answer 2

substance that the body recognizes as foreign

Question 3

axillary nodes

Answer 3

lymph nodes in the armpit

Question 4

B cell (B lymphocyte)

Answer 4

lymphocyte that matures into a plasma cell to secrete antibodies

Question 5

cervical nodes

Answer 5

lymph nodes in the neck region

Question 6

cytotoxic T cell

Answer 6

lymphocyte that directly kills antigens; called CD8-positive T cell

Question 7

helper T cell

Answer 7

lymphocyte that aids B cells and stimulates T cells. also called CD4-positive T cell

Question 8

immunity

Answer 8

body’s ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins that damage tissues and organs

Question 9

immunoglobulins

Answer 9

antibodies such as IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM, and IgD; secreted by plasma cells in response to the presence of an antigen

Question 10

inguinal nodes

Answer 10

lymph nodes in the groin region

Question 11

interstitial fluid

Answer 11

fluid in the spaces between cells. this fluid becomes lymph when it enters lymph capillaries

Question 12

lymph

Answer 12

thin, watery fluid found within lymphatic vessels and collected from tissues throughout the body

Question 13

lymph capillaries

Answer 13

tiniest lymphatic vessels

Question 14

lymphoid organs

Answer 14

lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland

Question 15

lymph node

Answer 15

collection of stationary solid lymphatic tissue along lymph vessels; contains cells (lymphocytes and macrophages) that fight infection

Question 16

lymph vessel

Answer 16

carrier of lymph throughout the body; lymphatic vessels empty lymph into veins in the upper part of the chest

Question 17

mediastinal nodes

Answer 17

lymph nodes in the area between the lungs in the thoracic cavity

Question 18

natural immunity

Answer 18

protection that an individual is born with to find infection such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and NK cells. (natural killer cells) Is not antigen specific and does not elicit memory

Question 19

plasma cell

Answer 19

lymphocyte that secretes antibodies. matures from B cells

Question 20

right lymphatic duct

Answer 20

lymphatic vessel in the chest that drains lymph from the upper right part of the body

Question 21

T cell (T lymphocyte)

Answer 21

lymphocyte that acts directly on antigens to destroy them or produce chemicals such as interferons and interleukins that are toxic to antigens

Question 22

vaccination

Answer 22

exposure to an antigen that provokes an immune response

Question 23

immun/o

Answer 23

protections

Question 24

lymph/o

Answer 24

lymph

Question 25

lymphaden/o

Answer 25

lymph node (gland)

Question 26

splen/o

Answer 26

spleen

Question 27

thym/o

Answer 27

thymus gland

Question 28

tox/o

Answer 28

poison

Question 29

ana-

Answer 29

again, new

Question 30

inter-

Answer 30

between

Question 31

AIDS

Answer 31

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Question 32

HIV

Answer 32

human immunodeficiency virus--causes AIDS

Question 33

opportunistic infections

Answer 33

infectious diseases associated with AIDS; they occur because HIV infection lower the body's resistance and allows infection by bacteria and parasites that normally are easily contained

Question 34

crypto

Answer 34

cryptococcus--causes opportunistic AIDS-related infection

Question 35

CMV

Answer 35

cytomegalovirus--causes opportunistic AIDS-related infection

Question 36

PCP

Answer 36

Pneumocystis pneumonia--opportunistic AIDS-related infection

Question 37

Toxo

Answer 37

tocoplasmosis--parasitic infection associated with AIDS

Question 38

wasting syndrome

Answer 38

weight loss, decrease in muscular strength, appetite, and mental activity; associated with AIDS

Question 39

RTI

Answer 39

drugs that treats AIDS by blocking the production of protease, a proteolytic enzyme that helps create new viral pieces for HIV

Question 40

PI

Answer 40

drug that treats AIDS by blocking the production of protease, a proteolytic enzyme that helps create new viral pieces for HIV

Question 41

HAART

Answer 41

highly active antiretroviral therapy--use of combinations of drugs that are effective against AIDS

Question 42

allergy

Answer 42

abnormal hypersensitivity acquired by exposure to an antigen

Question 43

all/o

Answer 43

other

Question 44

lymphoma

Answer 44

malignant tumour of lymph nodes and lymph tissue

Question 45

multiple myeloma

Answer 45

malignant tumour of bone marrow cells

Question 46

thymoma

Answer 46

malignant tumour of the thymus gland

Question 47

anaphylaxis

Answer 47

exaggerated or unusual hypersensitivity to foreign protein or other substance

Question 48

CD4+ cells

Answer 48

Helper T cells that carry the CD4 protein antigen on their surface. HIV binds to CD4 and infects and kills T cells bearing this protein. AIDS patients have an inadequate number of CD4+ cells

Question 49

ELISA

Answer 49

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay--test to detect anti-HIV anitbodies

Question 50

immunoelectrophoresis

Answer 50

test that separates immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, IgE, IgA, igD)

Question 51

viral load test

Answer 51

x-ray imaging produces cross-sectional and other views of anatomic structures

Question 52

KS

Answer 52

Kaposi sarcoma

Question 53

HSV

Answer 53

herpes simplex virus

Question 54

Histo

Answer 54

histoplasmosis--fungal infection seen in AIDS patients