Chapter 14: Need to Know Flashcards
antibody
protein produced by B cells to destroy antigens
antigen
substance that the body recognizes as foreign
axillary nodes
lymph nodes in the armpit
B cell (B lymphocyte)
lymphocyte that matures into a plasma cell to secrete antibodies
cervical nodes
lymph nodes in the neck region
cytotoxic T cell
lymphocyte that directly kills antigens; called CD8-positive T cell
helper T cell
lymphocyte that aids B cells and stimulates T cells. also called CD4-positive T cell
immunity
body’s ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins that damage tissues and organs
immunoglobulins
antibodies such as IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM, and IgD; secreted by plasma cells in response to the presence of an antigen
inguinal nodes
lymph nodes in the groin region
interstitial fluid
fluid in the spaces between cells. this fluid becomes lymph when it enters lymph capillaries
lymph
thin, watery fluid found within lymphatic vessels and collected from tissues throughout the body
lymph capillaries
tiniest lymphatic vessels
lymphoid organs
lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland
lymph node
collection of stationary solid lymphatic tissue along lymph vessels; contains cells (lymphocytes and macrophages) that fight infection
lymph vessel
carrier of lymph throughout the body; lymphatic vessels empty lymph into veins in the upper part of the chest
mediastinal nodes
lymph nodes in the area between the lungs in the thoracic cavity
natural immunity
protection that an individual is born with to find infection such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and NK cells. (natural killer cells) Is not antigen specific and does not elicit memory
plasma cell
lymphocyte that secretes antibodies. matures from B cells
right lymphatic duct
lymphatic vessel in the chest that drains lymph from the upper right part of the body
T cell (T lymphocyte)
lymphocyte that acts directly on antigens to destroy them or produce chemicals such as interferons and interleukins that are toxic to antigens
vaccination
exposure to an antigen that provokes an immune response
immun/o
protections
lymph/o
lymph
lymphaden/o
lymph node (gland)
splen/o
spleen
thym/o
thymus gland
tox/o
poison
ana-
again, new
inter-
between
AIDS
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus–causes AIDS
opportunistic infections
infectious diseases associated with AIDS; they occur because HIV infection lower the body’s resistance and allows infection by bacteria and parasites that normally are easily contained
crypto
cryptococcus–causes opportunistic AIDS-related infection
CMV
cytomegalovirus–causes opportunistic AIDS-related infection
PCP
Pneumocystis pneumonia–opportunistic AIDS-related infection
Toxo
tocoplasmosis–parasitic infection associated with AIDS
wasting syndrome
weight loss, decrease in muscular strength, appetite, and mental activity; associated with AIDS
RTI
drugs that treats AIDS by blocking the production of protease, a proteolytic enzyme that helps create new viral pieces for HIV
PI
drug that treats AIDS by blocking the production of protease, a proteolytic enzyme that helps create new viral pieces for HIV
HAART
highly active antiretroviral therapy–use of combinations of drugs that are effective against AIDS
allergy
abnormal hypersensitivity acquired by exposure to an antigen
all/o
other
lymphoma
malignant tumour of lymph nodes and lymph tissue
multiple myeloma
malignant tumour of bone marrow cells
thymoma
malignant tumour of the thymus gland
anaphylaxis
exaggerated or unusual hypersensitivity to foreign protein or other substance
CD4+ cells
Helper T cells that carry the CD4 protein antigen on their surface. HIV binds to CD4 and infects and kills T cells bearing this protein. AIDS patients have an inadequate number of CD4+ cells
ELISA
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay–test to detect anti-HIV anitbodies
immunoelectrophoresis
test that separates immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, IgE, IgA, igD)
viral load test
x-ray imaging produces cross-sectional and other views of anatomic structures
KS
Kaposi sarcoma
HSV
herpes simplex virus
Histo
histoplasmosis–fungal infection seen in AIDS patients
