Chapter 17: Eye Pathology

Question 1

astigmatism

Answer 1

defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye

Question 2

hyperopia

hypermetropia

Answer 2

farsightedness

Question 3

myopia

Answer 3

nearsightedness

Question 4

presbyopia

Answer 4

impairment of vision as a result of old age

Question 5

cataract

Answer 5

clouding of the lens, causing decreased vision

Question 6

chalazion

Answer 6

small, hard, cystic mass (granuloma) on the eyelid

Question 7

diabetic retinopathy

Answer 7

retinal effects of diabetes mellitus include microaneurysms, hemorrhages, dilation of retinal veins and neovascularization (new blood vessels form in the retina)

Question 8

glaucoma

Answer 8

increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve with loss of vision

Question 9

hordeolum (stye or sty)

Answer 9

localized, purulent, inflammatory staphylococcal infection of a sebaceous gland in the eyelid

Question 10

macular degeneration

Answer 10

progressive damage to the macula of the retina

Question 11

nystagmus

Answer 11

repetitive rhythmic movements of one or both eyes

Question 12

retinal detachment

Answer 12

two layers of the retina separate from each other

Question 13

strabismus

Answer 13

abnormal deviation of the eye

Question 14

fluorescein angiography

Answer 14

intraveinous injection of flourescein (a dye) followed by serial photographs of the retina through dilated pupils

Question 15

ophthalmoscopy

Answer 15

visual examination of the interior of the eye

Question 16

slit lamp microscopy

Answer 16

examination of anterior ocular structures under microscopic magnification

Question 17

visual acuity test

Answer 17

clarity of vision is assessed

Question 18

visual field test

Answer 18

measurement of the area (peripheral and central) within which objects are seen when the eyes are fixed, looking straight ahead without movement of the head

Question 19

enucleation

Answer 19

removal of the entire eyeball

Question 20

keratoplasty

Answer 20

surgical repair of the cornea

Question 21

laser photocoagulation

Answer 21

intense, precisely focused light beam (argon laser) creates an inflammatory reaction that seals retinal tears and leaky retinal blood vessels

Question 22

LASIK

Answer 22

use of an excimer laser to correct errors of refraction (myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism)

Question 23

phacoemulsification

Answer 23

ultrasonic vibrations break up the lens, which then is aspirated through the ultrasonic probe

Question 24

scleral buckle

Answer 24

suture of a sillicone band to the sclera over a detached portion of the retina