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Medical Terminology > Chapter 12: Pathology > Flashcards

Chapter 12: Pathology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

auscultation

A

listening to sounds within the body

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2
Q

percussion

A

tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure

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3
Q

pleural rub

A

scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other

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4
Q

rales (crackles)

A

fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli

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5
Q

rhonchus

rhonchi

A

loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum

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6
Q

sputum

A

material expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting

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7
Q

stridor

A

strained high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by the obstruction in the pharynx or larynx

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8
Q

wheezes

A

continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing

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9
Q

croup

A

acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx, accompanied by barking cough and stridor

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10
Q

diphtheria

A

acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diphtheria bacterium

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11
Q

epistaxis

A

nosebleed

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12
Q

pertussis

A

whooping cough; highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by bordetella pertussis

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13
Q

asthma

A

chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial edema and constriction and increased mucus production

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14
Q

bronchiectasis

A

chronic dilation of a bronchus secondary to infection

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15
Q

chronic bronchitis

A

inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time; type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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16
Q

cystic fibrosis (CF)

A

inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucinous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally

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17
Q

atelectasis

A

collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli

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18
Q

emphysema

A

hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls

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19
Q

lung cancer

A

malignant tumour arising from the lungs and bronchi

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20
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, with chronic inflammation, infection and bronchitis

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21
Q

pneumonia

A

acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction

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22
Q

pulmonary abscess

A

large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs

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23
Q

pulmonary edema

A

fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles

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24
Q

pulmonary embolism (PE)

A

clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung

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25
Q

pulmonary fibrosis

A

formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs

26
Q

sarcoidosis

A

chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs

27
Q

tuberculosis (TB)

A

infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; lungs usually are involved, but any organ in the body may be affected

28
Q

mesothelioma

A

rare malignant tumour arising in the pleura

29
Q

pleural effusion

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (cavity)

30
Q

pleurisy (pleuritis)

A

inflammation of the pleura

31
Q

pneumothorax

A

collection of air in the pleural space

32
Q

anthracosis

A

coal dust accumulates in the lungs

33
Q

asbestosis

A

asbestos particles accumulate in the lungs

34
Q

bacillus

bacilli

A

rod-shaped bacteria (cause of tuberculosis)

35
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

chronic condition of persistent obstruction of air flow through bronchial tubes and lungs

36
Q

cor pulmonale

A

failure of the right side of the heart to pump a sufficient amount of blood to the lungs because of underlying lung disease

37
Q

exudates

A

fluid, cells and other substances (pus) that filter from cells or capillaries ooze into lesions or areas of inflammation

38
Q

hydrothorax

A

collection of fluid in the pleural cavity

39
Q

infiltrate

A

collection of fluid or other material within the lung, as seen on a chest film, CT scan or other radiologic image

40
Q

palliative

A

relieving symptoms, but not curing the disease

41
Q

paroxysmal

A

pertaining to a sudden occurence, such as a spasm or seizure

42
Q

pulmonary infarction

A

area of necrosis

43
Q

purulent

A

containing pus

44
Q

silicosis

A

disease due to silica or glass dust in the lungs

45
Q

chest x-ray (CXR)

A

radiographic image of the thoracic cavity (chest film)

46
Q

computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest

A

computed-generated series of x-ray images show thoracic structures in cross section and other planes

47
Q

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the chest

A

magnetic waves create detailed images of the chest in frontal, lateral (sagittal) and cross-sectional (axial) planes

48
Q

positron emission tomography (PET) scan of the lung

A

radioactive glucose is injected and images reveal metabolic activity in the lungs

49
Q

ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan

A

detection device records radioactivity in the lung after injection of a radioisotape or inhalation of small amount of radioactive gas (xenon)

50
Q

bronchoscopy

A

fiberoptic endoscope examination of the bronchial tubes

51
Q

endotracheal intubation

A

placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx and trachea to establish an airway

52
Q

laryngoscopy

A

visual examination of the voice box

53
Q

lung biopsy

A

removal of lung tissue followed by microscopic examination

54
Q

mediastinoscopy

A

endoscopic visual examination of the mediastinum

55
Q

pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

A

tests that measure the ventilation mechanics of the lungs: airway function, lung volume, and the capacity of the lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide efficiently

56
Q

thoracentesis

A

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space

57
Q

thoracotomy

A

large surgical incision of the chest

58
Q

thoracoscopy (thorascopy)

A

visual examination of the chest via small incisions and use of an endoscope

59
Q

tracheostomy

A

surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck

60
Q

tuberculin test

A

determines past or present tuberculous infection based on a positive skin reaction

61
Q

tube thoracostomy

A

a flexible, plastic chest tube is passed into the pleural space through an opening in the chest

Medical Terminology (65 decks)

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