Chapter 5+6: Need to Know

Question 1

four function of body

Answer 1

ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination

Question 2

bilirubin

Answer 2

pigment in bile

Question 3

common bile duct

Answer 3

carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum to the choledochus

Question 4

gallbladder

Answer 4

small sac under the liver; stores bile

Question 5

ileum

Answer 5

third part of the small intestine

Question 6

mastication

Answer 6

chewing

Question 7

lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

Answer 7

ring of muscles between the esophagus and stomach. also called cardiac sphincter

Question 8

peristalsis

Answer 8

rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs

Question 9

pharynx

Answer 9

throat, common passageway for food from the mouth and for air from the nose

Question 10

bucc/o

Answer 10

cheek

Question 11

cec/o

Answer 11

cecum

Question 12

celi/o

Answer 12

belly, abdomen

Question 13

cheil/o

Answer 13

lip

Question 14

labi/o

Answer 14

lip

Question 15

choledoch/o

Answer 15

common bile duct

Question 16

dent/i

Answer 16

tooth

Question 17

TPN

Answer 17

total parenteral nutrition

Question 18

anorexia

Answer 18

lack of appetite

Question 19

ascites

Answer 19

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

Question 20

diarrhea

Answer 20

frequent passage of loose, watery stools

Question 21

dysphagia

Answer 21

difficulty in swallowing

Question 22

hematochezia

Answer 22

passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum

Question 23

jaundice

Answer 23

yellow-orange colouration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood

Question 24

steatorrhea

Answer 24

fat in the feces; foul-smelling fecal matter

Question 25

achalasia

Answer 25

failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax

Question 26

gastroesophageal reflux disease (heartburn) | GERD

Answer 26

solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach

Question 27

hernia

Answer 27

protrusion of an organ or part through the tissues and muscles normally containing it

Question 28

Crohn disease ("Crohn's")

Answer 28

chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract

Question 29

diverticulosis

Answer 29

abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall of the colon

Question 30

dysentery

Answer 30

painful, inflamed intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection

Question 31

hemorrhoids

Answer 31

swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region

Question 32

intussusception

Answer 32

telescoping of the intestines

Question 33

volvulus

Answer 33

twisting of the intestine on itself

Question 34

IBS

Answer 34

irritable bowel syndrome

Question 35

cholelithiasis

Answer 35

gallstones in the gallbladder

Question 36

cirrhosis

Answer 36

chronic degenerative disease of the liver

Question 37

-emesis

Answer 37

vomiting

Question 38

-pepsia

Answer 38

digestion

Question 39

-phagia

Answer 39

eating, swallowing

Question 40

-ptysis

Answer 40

spitting

Question 41

celi/o

Answer 41

belly, abdomen

Question 42

proct/o

Answer 42

anus and rectum

Question 43

liver function tests (LFTs)

Answer 43

Tests for the presence of enzymes and bilirubin in blood

Question 44

lower gastrointestinal series

Answer 44

x-ray images of the colon and rectum obtained after injection of barium into the rectum

Question 45

upper gastrointestinal series

Answer 45

x-ray images of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestines obtained after adminstering barium my mouth

Question 46

laparoscopy

Answer 46

visual (endoscopic) examination of the abdomen with a laparoscope inserted through small incisions in the abdomen

Question 47

``` nasogastric intubation (NG tube) ```

Answer 47

insertion of a tube through the nose into the stomach

Question 48

paracentesis (abdominocentesis)

Answer 48

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdomen

Question 49

BE

Answer 49

barium enema

Question 50

BM

Answer 50

bowel movement

Question 51

EGD

Answer 51

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Question 52

ERCP

Answer 52

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopacreatography

Question 53

G tube

Answer 53

gastrostomy tube; also called stomach tube and PEG tube--used to introduce nutrients into the stomach after insertion through the abdominal wall with laparoscopic instruments

Question 54

GERD

Answer 54

gastroesophageal reflux disease

Question 55

GI

Answer 55

gastrointestinal

Question 56

IBD

Answer 56

inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis)

Question 57

LFTs

Answer 57

Liver Function tests--alk phos, bilirubin, AST, ALT

Question 58

NG tube

Answer 58

nasogastric tube

Question 59

NPO

Answer 59

nothing by mouth (Latin nil per os)

Question 60

PUD

Answer 60

peptic ulcer disease

Question 61

TPN

Answer 61

total parenteral nutrition