Chapter 16: Pathology Flashcards
crust
collection of dried serum and cellular debris
cyst
thick-walled, closed sac or pouch containing fluid or semisolid material
erosion
wearing away or loss of epidermis
fissure
groove or crack-like sore
macule
flat lesion measuring less than 1cm in diameter
nodule
solid, round or oval elevated lesion 1cm or more in diameter
papule
small (less than 1cm in diameter), solid elevation of the skin
polyp
growth extending from the surface of mucous membrane
pustule
papule containing pus
ulcer
open sore on the skin or mucous membrane (deeper than an erosion)
vesicle
small collection (papule) of clear fluid (serum); blister
wheal
smooth, edematous (swollen) papule or plaque that is redder or paler than the surrounding skin
alopecia
absence of hair from areas where it normally grows
ecchymosis, ecchymoses
bluish-purplish mark (bruise) on the skin
petechia, petechiae
small, pinpoint hemorrhage
pruritus
itching
acne
chronic papular and pustular eruption of the skin with increased production of sebum
burns
injury to tissues caused by heat contact
cellulitis
diffuse, acute infection of the skin marked by local heat, redness, pain, and swelling
eczema (atopic dermatitis)
inflammatory skin disease with erythematous, papulovesicular, or papalosqamous lesions
exanthematous viral diseases
rash (exanthem) of the skin due to a viral infection
gangrene
death of tissue associated with loss of blood supply
impetigo
bacterial inflammatory skin disease characterized by vesicles, pustules, and crusted-over lesions
psoriasis
chronic, recurrent dermatosis marked by itchy, scaly, red plaqes covered by silvery gray scales
scabies
contagious, parasite
scleroderma
chronic progressive disease of the skin and internal organ with hardening and shrinking of connective tissue
sytemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of collagen in skin, joints, and internal organs
tinea
infection of the skin caused by fungus
urticaria (hives)
acute allergic reaction in which red, round wheals develop on the skin
vitiligo
loss of pigment (depigmentation) in areas of the skin (milk-white patches)
callus
increased growth of cells in the keratin layer of the epidermis caused by presure or friction
keloid
excess hypertrophied, thickened scar developing after trauma or surgical insicion
keratosis
thickened and rough lesion of the epidermis; associated with aging or skin damage
leukoplakia
white, thickened patches on mucous membrane tissue of the tongue or cheek (evolves to squamous cell carcinoma)
nevus, nevi
pigmented lesion or the skin
verruca, verrucae
epidermal growth (wart) caused by virus
basal cell carcinoma
malignant tumour of the basal cell layer of the epidermis
squamous cell carcinoma
malignant tumour of the squamous epithelial cells in the epidermis
malignant melanoma
cancerous growth composed of melanocytes
kaposi sarcoma
malignant, vascular, neoplastic growth characterized by cutaneous nodules
bacterial analyses
samples of skin are examined for presence of microorganisms
fungal tests
scrapings from skin lesions, hair specimens, or nail clippings are sent to a laboratory for culture and microscopic examination
cryosurgery
use of subfreezing temperature achieved with liquid nitrogen application to destroy tissue
curettage
use of a sharp dermal curette to scrape away a skin lesion
electrodesiccation
tissue is destroyed by burning with an electric spark
Mohs surgery
thin layers of malignant tissue are removed, and each slice is examined under a microscope to check for adequate extent of the resection
skin biopsy
suspected malignant skin lesions are removed and examined microscopically by a pathologist
skin test
substances are injected intradermally or applied to the skin and results are observed
