Chapter 5: Vocab

Question 1

Four functions of the body

Answer 1

ingestion
digestion
absorption
elimination

Question 2

enzymes

Answer 2

speed up chemical reactions, aid breakdown

Question 3

triglycerides

Answer 3

three parts fatty acids, one part glycerol

Question 4

rugae

Answer 4

irregular ridges in the mucous membrane covering the anterior portion of the hard palate

Question 5

papillae

Answer 5

small raised areas on the tongue, contain taste buds

Question 6

cementum

Answer 6

covers, protects and supports the dentin in the root

Question 7

periodontal membrane

Answer 7

surrounds cementum and holds the tooth in place in the tooth socket

Question 8

peristalsis

Answer 8

involuntary, progressive, rhythmic contraction of muscles in the wall of the esophagus

Question 9

bolus

Answer 9

mass of food

Question 10

stomach parts

Answer 10

fundus (proximal)
body (middle)
antrum (distal)

Question 11

sphincters

Answer 11

rings of muscle controlling the openings in and out of stomach

Question 12

epiglottis

Answer 12

flap that covers the trachea

Question 13

lower esophageal sphincter

Answer 13

relaxes and allows food to enter stomach

Question 14

pyloric sphincter

Answer 14

allows food to leave the stomach

Question 15

mucosa

Answer 15

mucous membrane

Question 16

pepsin

Answer 16

to begin digestion of proteins

Question 17

feces

Answer 17

stools

Question 18

defecation

Answer 18

expulsion or passage of feces from the body through the anus

Question 19

villi

Answer 19

microscopic projections

Question 20

bile

Answer 20

thick, orange-black, sometimes greenish fluid

contains cholesterol, bile acids, several bile pigments

Question 21

bilirubin

Answer 21

bile pigment

Question 22

jaundice (hyperbilirubinemia)

Answer 22

yellow discolouration of the skin

Question 23

cystic duct

Answer 23

leads to gallbladder

Question 24

glycogen

Answer 24

starch

Question 25

glycogenolysis

Answer 25

convert stored glycogen back into glucose

Question 26

gluconeogenesis

Answer 26

convert proteins and fats into glucose

Question 27

portal vein

Answer 27

brings blood to the liver from the intestines

Question 28

insulin

Answer 28

hormone produced by endocrine cells of pancreas. transports sugar from blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by liver

Question 29

amino acids

Answer 29

small building blocks of proteins, released wen proteins are digested

Question 30

deglutition

Answer 30

swallowing

Question 31

mastication

Answer 31

chewing

Question 32

hydrochloric acid

Answer 32

substance produced by the stomach; necessary for digestion

Question 33

emulsification

Answer 33

physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules, thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest fat

Question 34

protease

Answer 34

enzyme that digests protein

Question 35

uvula

Answer 35

soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate

Question 36

stomach

Answer 36

muscular organ that recieves food from the esophagus