Chapter 5: Pathology Flashcards
anorexia
lack of appetite
ascites
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
borborygmus
borborygmi
rumbling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid or both in gastrointestinal tract
constipation
difficulty in passing stools
diarrhea
frequent passage of loose, watery stools
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
eructation (belching)
gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth
flatus (flatulence)
gas expelled through the anus
jaundice (icterus)
yellow-orange colouration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood
melena
black tarry stools; feces containing digested blood
nausea
unpleasant sensation in the stomach associated with a tendency to vomit
steatorrhea
fat in the feces; foul-smelling fecal matter
aphthous stomatitis (canker sores)
inflammation of the mouth with small painful ulcers
dental caries (dental plaque)
tooth decay
herpetic stomatitis (fever blisters or cold sores)
inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpesvirus
oral leukoplakia
white plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth
periodontal disease (gingivitis)
inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth and surrounding bone
achalasia
failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax
esophageal cancer
malignant tumour of the esophagus
esophageal varices
swollen, varicose veins at teh lower end of the esophagus
gastric cancer
malignant tumour of the stomach
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease
gastroesophageal reflux disease (heartburn)
solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach
hernia
protrusion of an organ or part through the tissues and muscles normally containing it
hiatal hernia
upper body of the stomach protrudes upward through the diaphragm
inguinal hernia
small loop of bowel protrudes through a weak lower abdominal wall tissue surrounding muscles
peptic ulcer
open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum
anal fistula
abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus
colonic polyps
polyps protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon
colorectal cancer
adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both
Crohn disease (“Crohn’s”)
chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract
IBD
inflammatory bowel disease
diverticulosis
abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall of the colon
dysentery
painful, inflamed intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection
hemorrhoids
swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region
ileus
loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines
paralytic ileus
acute, transient loss of peristalsis
inflammatory bowel disease
inflammation of the colon and small intestine
intussusception
telescoping of the intestines
irritable bowel syndrome
irritable colon or spastic colon
group of GI symptoms, but without abnormalities in the intestines
ulcerative colitis
chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers
volvulus
twisting of the intestine on itself
IBS
irritable bowel syndrome
cholelithiasis
gallstones in the gallbladder
cirrhosis
chronic degenerative disease of the liver
pancreatic cancer
malignant tumour of the pancreas
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
viral hepatitis
inflammation of the liver caused by a virus