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Medical Terminology > Chapter 5: Pathology > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Pathology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

anorexia

A

lack of appetite

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2
Q

ascites

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

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3
Q

borborygmus

borborygmi

A

rumbling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid or both in gastrointestinal tract

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4
Q

constipation

A

difficulty in passing stools

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5
Q

diarrhea

A

frequent passage of loose, watery stools

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6
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

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7
Q

eructation (belching)

A

gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth

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8
Q

flatus (flatulence)

A

gas expelled through the anus

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9
Q

jaundice (icterus)

A

yellow-orange colouration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood

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10
Q

melena

A

black tarry stools; feces containing digested blood

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11
Q

nausea

A

unpleasant sensation in the stomach associated with a tendency to vomit

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12
Q

steatorrhea

A

fat in the feces; foul-smelling fecal matter

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13
Q

aphthous stomatitis (canker sores)

A

inflammation of the mouth with small painful ulcers

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14
Q

dental caries (dental plaque)

A

tooth decay

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15
Q

herpetic stomatitis (fever blisters or cold sores)

A

inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpesvirus

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16
Q

oral leukoplakia

A

white plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth

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17
Q

periodontal disease (gingivitis)

A

inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth and surrounding bone

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18
Q

achalasia

A

failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax

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19
Q

esophageal cancer

A

malignant tumour of the esophagus

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20
Q

esophageal varices

A

swollen, varicose veins at teh lower end of the esophagus

21
Q

gastric cancer

A

malignant tumour of the stomach

22
Q

GERD

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease

23
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease (heartburn)

A

solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach

24
Q

hernia

A

protrusion of an organ or part through the tissues and muscles normally containing it

25
Q

hiatal hernia

A

upper body of the stomach protrudes upward through the diaphragm

26
Q

inguinal hernia

A

small loop of bowel protrudes through a weak lower abdominal wall tissue surrounding muscles

27
Q

peptic ulcer

A

open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum

28
Q

anal fistula

A

abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus

29
Q

colonic polyps

A

polyps protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon

30
Q

colorectal cancer

A

adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both

31
Q

Crohn disease (“Crohn’s”)

A

chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract

32
Q

IBD

A

inflammatory bowel disease

33
Q

diverticulosis

A

abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall of the colon

34
Q

dysentery

A

painful, inflamed intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection

35
Q

hemorrhoids

A

swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region

36
Q

ileus

A

loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines

37
Q

paralytic ileus

A

acute, transient loss of peristalsis

38
Q

inflammatory bowel disease

A

inflammation of the colon and small intestine

39
Q

intussusception

A

telescoping of the intestines

40
Q

irritable bowel syndrome

irritable colon or spastic colon

A

group of GI symptoms, but without abnormalities in the intestines

41
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers

42
Q

volvulus

A

twisting of the intestine on itself

43
Q

IBS

A

irritable bowel syndrome

44
Q

cholelithiasis

A

gallstones in the gallbladder

45
Q

cirrhosis

A

chronic degenerative disease of the liver

46
Q

pancreatic cancer

A

malignant tumour of the pancreas

47
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas

48
Q

viral hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver caused by a virus

Medical Terminology (65 decks)

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