48 - Azotemia and Urinary Abnormalities Flashcards

1
Q

Azotemia= __

A

elevated levels of serum nitrogen (Cr or urea)

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2
Q

Plasma Cr is __ to GFR

A

inverted

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3
Q

Urine Cr is __ with GFR

A

correlated

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4
Q

Cr clearance is calculated by the amount of __ Cr/__Cr in __h urine collection.

A

urine/blood ml/min

24

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5
Q

CKD will usually present with __, hypo_, and hyper_.

A

anemia
hypocalcemia
hyperphosphatemia

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6
Q

Pre renal azotemia is usually caused by decreased renal __.

A

perfusion

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7
Q

The main reasons for decreased renal perfusion are: 4

A

decreased blood volume
fluid retention
decreased in effective volume (sepsis/cardiogenic shock)
renal vasoconstriction (HF, hepatorenal syndrome, NSAID)

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8
Q

Renal hypoperfusion can lead to acute __ necrosis

A

tubular

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9
Q

Pre renal azotemia is defined by __ urine and reabsorption of __ (__<1%), and high __/__.

A

concentrated
sodium
FeNa
U Cr / P Cr

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10
Q

ATN=__

A

acute tubular necrosis

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11
Q

ATN is defined by __ urine. __>1%. In urine analysis: 3

A
diluted
FeNa
cell debris
muddy brown casts
granular casts
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12
Q

90% of intrinsic kidney disease are caused by __ or __ __.

A

ischemic
toxic
ATN

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13
Q

ATN occurs mostly after: 4

A

large surgery
hypovolemia
sepsis
burn

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14
Q

If RBC casts are present in urine analysis - look for __

A

glomerulonephritis

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15
Q

Post renal azotemia is caused by obstruction of the: __/ __/ __. Diagnosis is made using __.

A

bladder/urethra/both ureters

US

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16
Q

FE Na = _____ / ______

A

U Na X P Cr X 100 / P Na X U Cr

17
Q

Oliguria= ___

A

urine < 400 ml/day

18
Q

Anuria= ___

A

urine < 100 ml/day

19
Q

Polyuria= __

A

urine > 3000 ml/day