305 - Chronic Kidney Disease Flashcards
Define CKD
Spectrum of pathophysiological processes related to renal dysfunction and progressive decrease in GFR
ESRD is ___ with accumulation of ___, ___, and ___. When untreated it leads to ___
CKD Toxins Fluids Electrolytes Death
ESRD can be treated by ___ or ___
Dialysis
Kidney transplantation
What are the two variables in KDIGO classification?
GFR
Albuminuria
Give an example for CKD initiating mechanisms factors
Immune complexes deposition in GN
The progressive mechanisms in CKD are the remaining ____ that suffer from ___ and ___. As time passes they will become ___ and ___.
Viable nephrons Hyperfiltration Hypertropia Ineffective Sclerotic
Name 5 risk factors for CKD
SGA Obesity in childhood HTN DM Autoimmune disease
What is the most common AD inherited reason for CKD?
PKD (Polycystic kidney disease)
eGFR can only be measured when there is no change in the ___ level from one day to the other
Cr
Starting from the ___ decade of life, there is a decrease in ___ of ___ per ___
3rd
GFR
1ml/min
year
What are the leading etiological categories of CKD? (5)
Diabetic nephropathy Glomerulonephritis HTN associated CKD AD PKD Cystic & tubulointerstitial nephropathy
The gold standard for assessing glomerular injury is:
24 hours urine collection
Patients in stage 1-2 of CKD are usually ___.
Asymptomatic
In stage 3-4 of CKD patients develop different symptoms such as: (5)
Anemia Fatigue Anorexia Electrolytes imbalance Acid-base problems
In stage 5 of CKD ___ accumulation will lead to different problems and may lead to ____ syndrome
Toxins
Uremic
The main reason for CKD is diabetic ____ usually secondary to ___. The new patients usually present with____
nephropathy
DM2
HTN
New CKD patients usually belong to one of the following 2 groups:
- Focal glomerulosclerosis- subclinical primary glomerulopathy
- Systemic vascular disease- progressive nephrosclerosis and HTN
Uremia is the result of ___ accumulation due to renal ____ failure
toxins
excretory
Uremic syndrome may lead to: (3)
- Anemia
- Malnutrition
- Abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates/fat/protein
CKD leads to water and ___ accumulation with ECF expansion that may lead to glomerular ____ with ___.
Sodium
HTN
Nephropathy
If the CKD patient suffer from edema/HTN restrict ___. If the patient does not improve- add ___. If the patient does not response-____
Salt
Loop diuretics
Dialysis
As renal failure progresses, high ___ metabolic ___may develop due to ___ acid accumulation
AG
acidosis
organic
The basic treatment for fluid electrolytes and acid base disorders is
Salt restriction and loop diuretics
GFR decrease -> Impaired Phosphate secretion->___->increase in FGF23 and ___ increase.
Hyperphosphatemia
PTH
