290 - Disorders of Ventilation

Question 1

What is the normal PaCO2 in arterial blood?

Answer 1

37-43

Question 2

Disease affecting CO2 production are usually __ (__/__/__)

Answer 2

acute
sepsis
burn
fever

Question 3

Chronic ventilation disorders usually relate to __ __ changes or increased __.

Answer 3

minute ventilation

dead space

Question 4

What are the main categories of hypoventilation disease?

Answer 4

pulmonary/chest wall parenchyma disease
poor disorders
neuromuscular disorders
respiratory drive disorders

Question 5

The clinical course of patients with chronic hypoventilation is characterized by:

Answer 5

1- asymptomatic stage during the day
2- sleep hypoventilation
3- hypercapnia during the day

Question 6

The lab will show in increase of plasma __, without decreased __ volume- meaning there is __.

Answer 6

HCO3
plasma
hypoventilation

Question 7

ABG will show increased __ with normal __- suggesting chronic ___ hypoventilation.

Answer 7

PaCO2
pH
alveolar

Question 8

minute ventilation=___

Answer 8

the amount of air breathed per minute

Question 9

__ examination, imaging (__/__), and ___ are usually sufficient in diagnosing the different disorders leading to hypercapnia.

Answer 9

physical
CT/CXr
pulmonary function tests

Question 10

If the examinations did not find a specific etiology, suspect- __.

Answer 10

OHS

Question 11

OHS-__

Answer 11

obesity hypoventilation syndrome

Question 12

OHS usually comes together with __.

Answer 12

OSA

Question 13

Which criteria are used to diagnose OSA? 3

Answer 13

STOP BANG
ESS
Berlin

Question 14

What is the next thing to suspect if OHS is overruled? 2

Answer 14

neuromuscular disorder
central disorder (respiratory drive)

Question 15

NIPPV is a non __ ventilation with __ pressure for patients with chest wall or neuromuscular respiratory disorders.

Answer 15

invasive

positive

Question 16

Consider NIPPV in ALS patients if hypoventilation with one of the following: 5

Answer 16

PaCO2>= 45 mmHg
sleep oximetry during sleep < 88% for >5 minutes
maximal inspiratory pressure < 60 cmH2O
FVC < 50% of expected
sniff nasal pressure < 40 cmH2O

Question 17

Phrenic nerve or diaphragm __ is a potential therapy for patients with hypoventilation from high __ lesions or respiratory drive disorders.

Answer 17

pacing

cervical spinal cord

Question 18

OHS diagnosis requires: 2

Answer 18

BMI >= 30kg/m2

PaCO2>=45mmHg (chronic alveolar hypoventilation)

Question 19

OHS treatment involves: 2

Answer 19

weight loss

sleep NIPPV

Question 20

OHS patients can use __ if CPAP is not well tolerated.

Answer 20

BiPAP

Question 21

Patients with OHS and without OSA can start with __ directly. True also for patients with __ OHS deterioration.

Answer 21

BiPAP

acute

Question 22

Central hypoventilation syndrome are unresponsive to __ or __. They suffer from increased __ while awake, and even worse while __.

Answer 22

hypoxia
hypercapnia
PaCO2
sleeping

Question 23

Central hypoventilation syndrome treatment involves: 3

Answer 23

NIPPV
mechanical ventilation
phrenic nerve/diaphragm pacing