360 - Sarcoidosis Flashcards
Sarcoidosis is a non ____ caseating granulomatous disease
caseating
The presence of granulomas is not specific for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis, we must rule out other causes such as: (4)
TB
fungal infection
malignancy
beryllium
The most common organs to be affected are the ___, but other organs such as the ___, ___, and ___ may be affected
lung
liver
skin
eye
___% of patients go into remission while the other develop a chronic disease lasting years
50
The etiology is ___ but, but in most cases it is probably due to environmental/infectious factor
unknown
more ___ than south, more ___ than white, more ___ than men, ___ and old (median age- __).
north black women young 55
BAL will show an ___ response with a flow of __ cells and accumulation of activated ___
inflammatory
T
monocytes
The __ cells are crucial to the pathogenesis of the disease
T
Lofgren’s syndrome is characterized by ___ and ___ in CXr
erythema nodosum
hilar adenopathy
Lofgren’s syndrome has a ___ prognosis with over __% recovery within 2 years
better
95
The most common clinical sign is ___ and ___. Other symptoms may include ___ symptoms, ___ , and ___.
cough dyspnea B ocular cutaneous
___ is not a good imaging tool to diagnose sarcoidosis. Use ___.
CT
CXr
What is the CXr staging system?
Scadding’s score
Scadding’s score stage 1
Hilar adenopathy + right side paratracheal involvement
Scadding’s score stage 2
combination of adenopathy + infiltrates
Scadding’s score stage 3
infiltrates only
Scadding’s score stage 4
fibrosis
The infiltrates are usually found in the ___ lobes
upper
Cutaneous involvement is in ___ of the patients
1/3
What are the common cutaneous signs? (5)
erythema nodosum maculopapular lesions hyopo/hyper pigmentation keloid formation sub cutaneous nodules
The commonly involved cutaneous areas are: (2)
nose bridge lupus pernio (under the eyes and cheeks)
The common ocular symptoms are: (3)
anterior uveitis
posterior retinitis
pars planitis
The most common hepatic involvement is increase in liver function (3)
ALKP
transaminase
bilirubin
Most hepatic symptoms are due to ____ but some are caused by ___ leading to ____ (ascites and varices)
hepatomegaly
cholestasis
biliary HTN
Diagnosis is made through ___ showing ___ of non caseating type, and with other causes been ruled out
biopsy
granuloma
___ is the drug of choice for initial treatment
GC
____ is better for cutaneous symptoms
hydroxychloroquine
Cytotoxic drugs are also useful (4)
MTX
azathioprine
cyclophosphamide
mycophenolate
