113 - Arterial & Venous Thrombosis Flashcards
What are the 3 most common factors leading o hemostasis and thrombosis?
- Vessel wall
- Coagulation factors
- Platelets
Venous thrombosis has more to do with primary disorder of ___/____ leading to a state of ____. Or secondary disturbance related to ___ abnormalities, blood flow, ___
Coagulation factors Fibrinolysis Hypercoagulability Blood vessel stasis
Arterial thrombosis has a more direct link to ___ damage, ____, and ___ function
blood vessel
blood flow
platelets
Thrombus formation:___ adherence to the blood vessel -> further __ recruitment - >___ activation
Platelets
platelets
thrombin
Platelets have a life span of ___ days. They originate from ___. Their main regulator is ____. The two granulates they have are: ___ and ___
7-10 Megakaryocyte TPO alpha dense
Platelet adhesion starts with sticking to a damage blood vessel which reveal: (3) ->platelets reveal ___-> ___ complex attach to __ causing platelets to adhere
collagen vWF fibronectin glycoprotein GPIb vWF
Platelets receptors stimulation leads to an internal ___ process that activates more platelets and cause further granules to release.
signaling
The inflammatory state has a significant role in the acute ___ phase of ___.
thrombotic
ACS
In ___, patients have a higher risk for ___ or ___
URTI
MI
stroke
CD40 ligand is an ____ linked to ___-___
immunomodulator
inflammation
thrombosis
Risk factors for arterial thrombosis include: (4)
- CV risk factors (HTN/LDL/smoking)
- diabetes/age
- Obstetric (pregnancy/IUD, hormonal therapy)
- rheumatic (SLE/RA/APLA)
Clopidogrel is a ____ receptor inhibitor. It comes as a pre drug which gets metabolized by ___ and then gets activated
P2Y12
P450
The main forms of venous thrombosis are: ___, and ___ which together are called ___
PE
DVT
VTE
DVT has a __% chance for mortality within the first __ days.
30
28
PE has a __% chance for mortality within the first __ days. PE due to cancer raises the mortality rate to ___%
15%
28
25%
Blood vessel injury-> exposure of ___-> TF binds to factor __ and activates it - >factor __ turns into its active form ___
tissue factor
VII
X
Xa
In the alternative pathway, the complex ___ turn factor __ to IXa and together with factor __ activate factor X.
Factor Xa and co-factor __ turn prothrombin into thrombin-> thrombin turns fibrinogen into ___, leading to clot formation
TF-VII IX VIII V fibrin
Thrombin activates factor ___, turning it into ___- transglutaminase binds and stabilize the ___
XIII
XIIIa
clot
There are a number of antithrombotic factors such as: (4)
Antithrombin
tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)
heparin co-factor I
protein S/C
Protein C breaks down factor ___
V
Venous thrombosis predicting risk factors include: (4)
Age
Obesity
Malignancy
Acute limb paralysis
Major risk factors include different surgeries such as: ___, ___, ___
Orthopedic
Abdominal
Neurological
Medium risk factors include stasis (___, ___), hormonal (___, ___, ___), and malignancy.
prolonged lying down long flights HRT pregnancy contraception
Heterozygote ___ deficiency and homozygote ___ significantly increase the risk factor for venous thrombosis.
antithrombin
factor V Leiden
Factor V Leiden is a mutation on chromosome __. The mutation makes factor ___ protected from being broken down by APC (___)
1
V
activated protein C
Venous thrombosis has more to do with ___ or ___ followed by exposure to ___ and turning fibrinogen into fibrin, while arterial thrombosis is more related to ____ adhesion to ___ blood vessel due to exposure to __
stasis hypercoagulability TF platelets damaged ECM
