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Salman Majid
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Decks in this class (163)
17 - Fever of Unknown Origin
What are the 4 criteria for fuo,
Fuo is usually an __ presentation...,
The common etiologies of fuo are 6
6
cards
48 - Azotemia and Urinary Abnormalities
Azotemia __,
Plasma cr is __ to gfr,
Urine cr is __ with gfr
19
cards
49 - Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances
0
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50 - Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia
In which mechanisms is calcium in...,
What are the etiological groups f...,
High levels of pth is usually due...
33
cards
51 - Acidosis and Alkalosis
Physiological ph is between ___ a...,
Normal paco2 is ___,
When the disturbance is due to re...
19
cards
65 - Approach to the Patient with Cancer
The prognosis of a patient with p...,
The following organs are most com...,
The following cancers are most le...
14
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74 - Neoplasms of the Lung
A smoker is ___ more likely to su...,
A former smoker is ___ more likel...,
If you quit smoking and you are u...
62
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75 - Breast Cancer
Women without _____ or who experi...,
Women with ____ have 60 80 to suf...,
Men with brca 1 are in risk for 2
6
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89 - Paraneoplastic Syndrome: Endocrinologic/Hematologic
What is neoplastic syndrome,
What are the two most common type...,
What is the most common reason fo...
17
cards
93 - Iron Deficiency
What are the 3 stages of iron def...,
In iron deficient erythropoiesis ...,
Iron deficiency anemia is defined...
44
cards
94- Disorders of Hemoglobin
What are the 5 types of hemoglobi...,
Hemoglobinopathy has an ___ inher...,
High performance liquid chromatog...
41
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95 - Megaloblastic Anemias
698-708
35
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96 - Hemolytic Anemias
What are the main signs of ha hem...,
What do you find in ha lab workup,
What is the definition of ha
42
cards
98 - Bone Marrow Failure Syndrome (AA, MDS)
Hypoproliferative anemias can be ...,
Define aa aplastic anemia,
Give 3 examples of genetic aa
29
cards
99 - Polycythemia Vera
What are the two groups of chroni...,
What are the three myeloid phenot...,
What are the three megakaryocyte ...
31
cards
100 - Acute Myeloid Lymphoma
Aml ____ is a neoplastic disease ...,
Aml is the most common leukemia i...,
Most cases of aml are ___ myeloid...
46
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101 - Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Cml chronic myeloid leukemia is a...,
Thanks to the ___ treatment survi...,
Cml makes up to ___ of leukemia c...
19
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102 - Acute Lymphoid Leukemia
In all acute lymphoid leukemia th...,
The disease is characterized by a...,
Infiltration to the bm leads to t...
20
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103 - Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Cll chronic lymphocytic leukemia ...,
The presence of ___ 5x10 9without...,
Cll is more common in adults with...
31
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104 - Non Hodgkin Lymphoma
Nhl non hodgkin lymphoma is a gro...,
Unlike hl hodgkin lymphoma nhl do...,
The prognosis of nhl __greatly un...
48
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105 - Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Hl is defined as lymphoma of __ _...,
Hl is more common in __ __ typica...,
Hl is classified into 4 types
33
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107 - Plasma Cell Disorders
What is the best cancer marker fo...,
In which cases will you see m com...,
Define mm multiple myeloma
62
cards
108 - Amyloidosis
What does al amyloidosis stand fo...,
What does aa amyloidosis stand for,
To which group of amyloidosis do ...
15
cards
111 - Disorders of Platelet & Vessel Wall
Platelets are activated by attach...,
Platelets are released from __ in...,
What are the main reasons or thro...
46
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112 - Coagulation Disorders
What are the common hemophilia 2r...,
Elongated pt factor __ deficiency...,
Most hemophilia is type _ _ in _ ...
42
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113 - Arterial & Venous Thrombosis
What are the 3 most common factor...,
Venous thrombosis has more to do ...,
Arterial thrombosis has a more di...
26
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114 - Antiplatelet, Anticoagulant, and Fibrinolytic Drugs
What are the three antithrombotic...,
Antiplatelet drugs are used mostl...,
Anticoagulant drugs are used for ...
22
cards
121 - Pneumonia
Pneumonia is an __ of the lung s __,
Pneumocystis pneumonia and viral ...,
What are the 4 categories of pneu...
56
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122 - Lung Abscess
Acute lung abscess duration __,
The main reason for lung abscess ...,
What are the most common areas in...
11
cards
123 - Infective Endocarditis
What is the typical sign of endoc...,
Endocarditis usually involve the ...,
Infective endarteritis vegetation...
49
cards
124 - Infections of the Skin, Muscles and Soft Tissues
Which pathogens lead to vesicles ...,
Through which process do varicell...,
____ is the pathogen causing erys...
20
cards
125 - Infective Arthritis
Acute infectious arthritis usuall...,
What are the main pathogens that ...,
Subacute or chronic monoarticular...
24
cards
126 - Osteomyelitis
Om osteomyelitis may spread via _...,
Om in elder patients is usually i...,
The most common area for om is th...
21
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127 - Intraabdominal Infections and Abscesses
Abdominal cavity infections occur...,
What are the 4 etiologies of pbp ...,
Pbp is found in _ of patients wit...
28
cards
128 - Acute Infectious Diarrheal Disease
Chronic diarrhea 2 weeks __,
Diarrhea fever __,
Diarrhea abdominal pain __
28
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129 - Clostridium difficile Infection, Including Pseudomembranous Colitis
Cd clostridium difficile is an ob...,
Which abx increase the risk for cdi,
The rate of cd colonization raise...
30
cards
130 - Urinary Tract Infection, Pyelonephritis, and Prostatitis
Uti can be __ or __,
What are the risk factors for acu...,
In diabetic patients long term us...
30
cards
133 - Acute Meningitis
General damage usually due to a _...,
Neck stiffness is pathognomonic f...,
Acute meningitis empiric __ shoul...
45
cards
139 - Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial infections
Which abx belong to the b lactams,
Which abx belong to the glycopept...,
Both __ and __ abx are cell wall ...
24
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141 - Pneumococcal Infections
Pneumococcal bacteria are __ with...,
Strep pneumoniae belongs to the _...,
Pcv __
11
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142 - Staphylococcal Infections
What are the main staph infections,
Staph aureus can convert __ to __...,
Name the main risk factors for sa...
24
cards
143 - Streptococcal Infections
Gas is responsible for __ and __,
Gba is responsible for bacterial ...,
Strep __ is the leading strain ca...
22
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144 - Enterococcal Infections
Enterococcal bacteria are g _ the...,
___ is the more frequent enteroco...,
Vre __
11
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145 - Diphtheria and Other Corynebacterial Infections
Diphtheria corynebacterial is a g...,
Diphtheria risk factors include 5,
Respiratory diphtheria is caused ...
19
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146 - Listeria Monocytogenes infections
Listeria is g _ can grow even in ...,
Listeria is found mostly in soft_...,
Diagnosis of listeria is made wit...
14
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147 - Tetanus
Tetanus is an __ disease with hig...,
Diagnosis is done __ and treatmen...,
C tetani is g _ infection is via ...
11
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148 - Botulism
Botulism is a __ disease caused b...,
Botulism is made by one of the 4 ...,
In order for the toxin to be made...
14
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149 - Gas gangrene and other Clostridial Infections
Clostridium is g _ obligatory __,
Clostridium can cause infections ...,
Clostridium produce 2 virulent to...
11
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150 - Meningococcal Infections
Neisseria meningitides is an __ g...,
In the __ countries meningococcus...,
Which genetic deficiency is a ris...
21
cards
151 - Gonococcal Infections
What is the clinical presentation...,
What is the clinical presentation...,
Mucopurulent cervicitis usually d...
19
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152 - Haemophilus and Moraxella Infections
Haemophilus influenzae is a g _ t...,
When growing in an anaerobic envi...,
H influenzae transmission is via ...
20
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154 - Legionella Infections
What are the two disease caused b...,
Legionella is a g _ growing on a ...,
Legionella is found in __ and tra...
19
cards
155 - Pertussis and Other Bordetella Infections
Which pathogen causes pertusis,
Bordetella pertussis is a g _ and __,
What is the virulent factor of pe...
15
cards
157 - Acinetobacter Infections
Acinetobacter is a g _ bacteria t...,
A baumannii is common in __ patients,
What are the two common acquisiti...
7
cards
158 - Helicobacter pylori Infections
H pylori is found in __ of the wo...,
H pylori is the main risk factor ...,
H pylori reduce the frequency of ...
16
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159 - Infections Due to Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and Stenotrophomonas Species
Pa pseudomonas aeruginosa is a g ...,
Pa bacteremia is common in __ pat...,
Acute __ is the most common prese...
10
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160 - Salmonellosis
Factors that make the stomach les...,
Patients in the incubation period...,
Typhoid enteric fever is a __ dis...
19
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161 - Shigellosis
Shigella is a g _ bacteria know t...,
Shigella transmission is _ _ but ...,
Name the 4 serotypes of shigella ...
16
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162 - Infections Due to Campylobacter and Related Organisms
Campylobacter jejuni usually caus...,
Campylobacter is usually transmit...,
C jejuni symptoms start showing w...
10
cards
163 - Cholera and Other Vibrioses
Cholera is a __ disease which can...,
Which serotypes of v cholera caus...,
Cholera transmission is via conta...
23
cards
164 - Brucellosis
Brucella has several strains each...,
Brucellosis should be suspected i...,
Brucella incubation is between _ _
20
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166 - Plague and other Yersinia infections
Yersinia pestis incubates for _ _...,
In bubonic plague the __ will occ...,
What is the ddx for bubonic plague 5
12
cards
167 - Bartonella Infections, Including Cat-Scratch Disease
Bartonella infection causes ___,
Typical csd causes local __ while...,
Csd primary lesion will be a smal...
18
cards
169 - Nocardiosis
Actinomycetoma is more common in ...,
__ is a man risk factor for nocar...,
Give an example to immunocompromi...
12
cards
170 - Actinomycosis
What are the 3 classic signs sugg...,
Why does relapse resistance occur...,
Patients suffering from actinomyc...
10
cards
173 - Tuberculosis
Latent tb is more common in _ __ ...,
Tb transmission is via __ from a ...,
The risk to get infected depends ...
78
cards
177 - Syphilis
Treponema pallidum is transmitted...,
After incubation period of __ day...,
Chancre is usually __ and has a c...
38
cards
179 - Leptospirosis
Leptospirosis is usually ___ or w...,
Severe leptospirosis present with...,
Leptospirosis transmission is via...
23
cards
181 - Lyme Borreliosis
What are the 3 stages of lyme dis...,
The first stage is __ after incub...,
The second stage is __ days weeks...
13
cards
182 - Rickettsial Diseases
Rocky mediterranean spotted fever...,
The symptoms in the first 5 days ...,
3 days after infection _ of patie...
29
cards
183 - Infections Due to Mycoplasmas
Humoral vaccination against mycop...,
Mycoplasma pneumonia incubation l...,
Outbreaks of mycoplasma pneumonia...
18
cards
187 - Herpes Simplex Virus Infections (HSV)
The most common hsv1 infection is...,
Trigeminal nerve __,
The most common hsv 1 genital inf...
29
cards
188 - Varicella-Zoster Virus Infections (VZV)
Vzv primary infection transmissio...,
Incubation is between _ _ days an...,
The rash is __ and later becomes ...
13
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189 - Epstein-Barr Virus Infections- Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
Ebv causes ___,
_ cells play a major role in defe...,
Which cancer types are associated...
20
cards
192 - Parvovirus infections
Parvovirus b19v transmission is _...,
Parvovirus is __ and __resistance,
Parvovirus stops ___ leading to a...
12
cards
193 - Human Papillomavirus Infections
Which hpv are low risk,
Which hpv are high risk,
Hpv is __ transmitted
11
cards
194 - Common Viral Respiratory Infections
What is the mark separating the u...,
Influenza a is the most __ while ...,
Rsv epidemic is usually around _ _
23
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197 - Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease: AIDS and Related Disorders
Hiv patients are classified accor...,
There are 5 levels for hiv classi...,
Treatment __ determined according...
85
cards
199 - Enterovirus, Parechovirus, and Reovirus Infections
Enterovirus __ in the gi system b...,
Enterovirus are sensitive to __ d...,
Common enteroviruses relevant to ...
23
cards
200 - Measles (Rubeola)
Measles is caused by __ virus,
Measles can spread in populations...,
People with measles stay infectiv...
13
cards
201 - Rubella
Rubella transmission is via __,
Infectivity starts _ days before ...,
Newborn infected with rubella can...
16
cards
202 - Mumps
Incubation lasts for __ days,
Infectivity lasts _ week before a...,
First infection start at the __ f...
10
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203 - Rabies (other rhabdovirus infections – not included)
Incubation period lasts _ _ days,
Rabies virus infects __ cells,
Once rabies virus reaches the cns...
15
cards
207 - Histoplasmosis
In immunocompetent patient __ are...,
In immunocompromised patient __ o...,
Pdh may involve different organs ...
14
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211 - Candidiasis
Candidiasis risk factors include 5,
Hematogenic spread of candida usu...,
Oral thrush are white __ lesions ...
16
cards
212 - Aspergillosis
Immunocompetent patients with int...,
Incubation period is variable bet...,
The main risk factor for aspergil...
22
cards
215 - Pneumocystis Infections
Pneumocystis is not sensitive to __,
Pneumocystis is the most common e...,
Clinical presentation of pneumocy...
15
cards
218 - Amebiasis and Infection with Free-Living Amebae
Invasive amebiasis manifestations...,
Extra intestinal amebiasis is the...,
Amebiasis is common in __ __ and ...
19
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219 - Malaria
Falciparum and malariae are more ...,
Vivax is more common in ___,
Death due to malaria is usually c...
15
cards
223 - Toxoplasma Infections
What is the host for toxoplasma g...,
In immunocompetent patients the d...,
Possible symptoms may include 4
9
cards
239 - The Bradyarrhythmias: Disorders of the Sinoatrial Node
Where does bradycardia result from,
Which system modulates the rate o...,
Which system mainly influences on...
18
cards
240 - The Bradyarrhythmias: Disorders of the Atrioventricular Node
0
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241 - 244 SVT
0
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245 - Common Atrial Flutter, Macroreentrant and Multifocal Atrial Tachycardias
0
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246 - Atrial Fibrillation
0
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247-251 Approach to Ventricular Arrhythmias
0
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252 - Heart Failure: Pathophysiology and Diagnosis
0
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253 - Heart Failure : Management
What is the goal of treating hfpef 3,
What is the most effective type o...,
How does arb influence patient ma...
31
cards
254 - Cardiomyopathy and Myocarditis
How much of the hf heart failure ...,
Define cardiomyopathy,
How can cardiomyopathies by class...
36
cards
256 - Aortic Valve Disease
What is the most dominant factor ...,
As includes ___ of the patients w...,
As in adults occurs due to ____ o...
40
cards
257 - Aortic Regurgitation
Aortic insufficiency can be the r...,
What are the main causes for aort...,
What are the main causes for aort...
21
cards
258 - Mitral Stenosis
What is the most common cause for...,
What are the common causes for ms...,
Ms caused by rheumatic disease is...
32
cards
259 - Mitral Regurgitation
0
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260 - Mitral Valve Prolapse
0
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261-262 Tricuspid and Pulmonic Valve Disease
0
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263 - Multiple and Mixed Valvular Heart Disease
0
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265 - Pericardial Disease
0
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266 - Atrial myxoma and other cardiac tumors
0
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267 - Ischemic Heart Disease
0
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268 - Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome (NSTEMI, MI, Unstable angina)
0
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269 - ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
0
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270 - ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
0
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271 - Hypertensive Vascular Disease
Which disease are doubled in freq...,
_____ and _____ are strong indepe...,
The ratio between ____ and ____ i...
85
cards
273 - Deep Venous Thromboembolism and Pulmonary Thromboembolism
What are the common complications...,
What does the virchow triad include,
What are the two common autosomal...
20
cards
274 - Diseases of the Aorta
0
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275 - Arterial Diseases of the Extremities
0
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277 - Pulmonary Hypertension
0
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278 - Approach to the Patient with Disease of the Respiratory System
What are the common obstructive l...,
What are the common restrictive l...,
What are the common pulmonary vas...
3
cards
279 - Disturbances of Respiratory Function
What does tlc measure,
What does rv measure,
What is vc
9
cards
281 - Asthma
Asthma is an __ disease,
As developed countries become mor...,
The increase in __ disease is cor...
65
cards
284 - Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis is an ___ dilation...,
Focal bronchiectasis is caused by...,
Intrinsic focal bronchiectasis is...
17
cards
286 - Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Define copd,
Define emphysema,
Define chronic bronchitis
34
cards
287 - Interstitial Lung Disease
Ild is a group of diseases involv...,
Typical presentation of ild inclu...,
In order to achieve diagnosis of ...
36
cards
288 - Disorders of the Pleura
What are the sources of pleural f...,
The lymph vessels can absorb ___ ...,
Pleural effusion will occur when ...
23
cards
289 - Disorders of the Mediastinum
What are the three compartment of...,
The first step when assessing med...,
Mediastinum should be examined us...
8
cards
290 - Disorders of Ventilation
What is the normal paco2 in arter...,
Disease affecting co2 production ...,
Chronic ventilation disorders usu...
23
cards
291 - Sleep Apnea
Osahs __,
Osahs diagnosis requires respirat...,
Osahs is most severe during __ an...
10
cards
294 - Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
Ards is defined a syndrome of __ ...,
Ards is caused by extensive __ da...,
What are the main clinical disord...
18
cards
295 - Mechanical Ventilatory Support
Niv __,
Niv is the recommended method for...,
Name the top 5 c i for niv
3
cards
297 - Sepsis and Septic Shock
Define sepsis __,
Define septic shock __,
What are the most common causes o...
14
cards
298 - Cardiogenic Shock and Pulmonary Edema
0
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299 - Sudden Cardiac Death Cardiovascular Collapse, and Cardiac Arrest
0
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300 - Coma
0
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304 - Acute Kidney Injury
Aki can be defined by one of the ...,
Aki is responsible for ___ of the...,
Main causes for aki in developing...
44
cards
305 - Chronic Kidney Disease
Define ckd,
Esrd is ___ with accumulation of ...,
Esrd can be treated by ___ or ___
51
cards
308 - Glomerular Diseases (nephritic)
Glomerular disease are usually ac...,
In most cases hematuria will not ...,
When microscopic anemia is found ...
82
cards
308 - Glomerular Diseases (nephrotic)
Mcd ___,
Mcd is usually in children ___ an...,
Mcd is usually ____ but can be __...
60
cards
309 - Polycystic Kidney Disease and other disorders of tubule growth and development
Pkd is usually __ in adults and _...,
The main pathology in pkd is __,
What are the 4 damage mechanism i...
39
cards
310 - Tubulointerstitial Diseases of the Kidneys
We differentiate tubulointerstiti...,
Tin ___,
Acute tin is defined as aggressiv...
28
cards
312 - Nephrolithiasis
Which kidney stone do you know 1_...,
Which disease are considered as p...,
Which disease are likely to appea...
46
cards
313 - Urinary Tract Obstruction
What is the most common cause for...,
__ __ __ is the most common cause...,
In adults uto is caused usually d...
16
cards
318 - Disorders of Absorption *Celiac Disease*
What are the two disease in which...,
Most of the absorption disorders ...,
Define diarrhea
17
cards
319 - Inflammatory Bowel Disease
What are the two age decades pick...,
What are the risk factors for ibd,
Smoking is a risk factor for ____...
96
cards
337 - Cirrhosis and Its Complications
Cirrhosis pathology includes ___ ...,
Liver cirrhosis can be classified...,
____ of liver cirrhosis represent...
73
cards
350 - Antiphospholipid Syndrome
What are the three common charact...,
When will aps be considered secon...,
Define catastrophic aps
18
cards
356 - The Vasculitis Syndrome
Anca is a family of autoantibodie...,
C anca ___ common in ___,
P anca ___ is more common in ___ ...
77
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344 - Primary Immune Deficiency Diseases
0
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345 - Urticaria, Angioedema and Allergic Rhinitis
0
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346 - Anaphylaxis
0
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349 - Systemic lupus erythematosus
0
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351 - Rheumatoid arthritis
0
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353 - Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma) and Related Disorders
0
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354 - Sjögren’s Syndrome
0
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355 - The Spondyloarthritides
0
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357 - Behçet’s Syndrome
0
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358 - Inflammatory myopathies
0
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360 - Sarcoidosis
Sarcoidosis is a non ____ caseati...,
The presence of granulomas is not...,
The most common organs to be affe...
28
cards
362 - Familial Mediterranean Fever and Other Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases
0
cards
364 - Osteoarthritis
0
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365 - Gout and Other Crystal-Associated Arthropathies
0
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366 - Fibromyalgia
0
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373 - Pituitary Tumor syndromes
The mass effect includes 5,
The pituitary gland is about ___ ...,
The loss of ___ color is an early...
25
cards
379 - Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex
The adrenal cortex synthesize ___...,
Glucocorticoids ___ and mineraloc...,
The blood supply for the adrenal ...
22
cards
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