150 - Meningococcal Infections Flashcards
Neisseria meningitides is an __ G(_) colonizing the __ and can cause bacterial __/__.
aerobic - nasopharynx meningitis sepsis
In the __ countries meningococcus has decreased in recent years thanks to __
industrial
vaccination
Which genetic deficiency is a risk factor for neisseria meningitides infection? Remember it increase __ but not __
C5-9 complement deficiency
morbidity
mortality
Main risk factors for Neisseria meningitides include: 5
age (1st year, adolescences) crowded habitat contact with a carrier hyposplenism hypogammaglobulinemia
The severity of the disease depends on the levels of the __ (__), and the __ response
endotoxin
LPS
immune
Although meningococcal __ is not common, symptoms are common
pharyngitis
URT
The most common symptoms are:
meningitis/conductivities sepsis pneumonia bacterial arthritis/OM purulent pericarditis primary peritonitis
Symptoms develop within - days, and sometimes even __
1-10
hours
The rash is caused by __ necrosis. It does not disappear when pressing it (__/__) and found in __% of cases but in only __% of children
endothelial
purpura/petechia
80
10
-% of patients present with __ alone, _% with __ and __.
30-50 meningitis 40 meningitis sepsis
Bacterial meningitis should be suspected in patients with: \_\_ \+ \_\_/\_\_ \+ \_\_/\_\_/\_\_/\_\_
headache
current/history of recent fever
nuchal rigidity/photophobia/decreased conciseness/seizures
__/__ help differentiate Neisseria meningitides from other meningitis.
Petechia/purpura
Septicemia is present in __% of patients and can cause __ within __
20
death
hours
Septicemia may cause: 5
hypoglycemia
acidosis
hypokalemia/hypocalcemia/hypomagnesemia/ hypophosphatemia
anemia
What are the C/I for LP: 7
cranial HTN shock coagulation disorder thrombocytopenia respiratory insufficiency local infection seizures
What are the steps of treating meningitis? 5
shock? -> ABC
electrolyte/metabolic balance
empiric Abx (cephalosporines 3rd gen)
treat for 7 days (or 3-5)
What are the complications of neisseria meningitides infection? 5
death 10% skin scaring (post necrosis) 10% organ amputation 1-2% hearing problems 5% neurological complications 7%
Which factors bare bad prognosis? 5
infancy/old age/adolescents coma purpura fulminans DIC thrombocytopenia
Prevention is made by two types of vaccinations:
capsule vaccine
subcapsular
If secondary exposure has occurred- __ prophylactic treatment for high risk patients and health care workers exposed to direct __ secretion.
preventive
respiratory
What is the prophylactic treatment that should be given to the relevant patients?
cephalosporines 3rd gen
or
ciprofloxacin/ofloxacin (for non pregnant)
