350 - Antiphospholipid Syndrome Flashcards

1
Q

What are the common characteristics of APS? (2)

A

thrombosis (arterial/venous)

pregnancy complications

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2
Q

When will APS be considered secondary?

A

when appear with other AI disease (SLE…)

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3
Q

Define catastrophic APS:

A

rapidly progressive life-threatening thromboembolic disease which involves >= 3 organs

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4
Q

APS is a syndrome of ___ (thrombophilia), mediated by ___

A

hypercoagulability

auto Ab

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5
Q

Which disease may be false positively diagnosed together with APS?

A

syphilis

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6
Q

To diagnose APS we need 1 ___ sign and 1 ___ sign together with the absent of other reasons for a hypercoagulability state

A

clinical

lab

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7
Q

Name two clinical signs for APS

A

Thrombosis (venous/arterial)

Obstetric problem

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8
Q

What kind of obstetric problems are relevant for APS diagnosis? (3)

A

death of a healthy embryo within the first 10 weeks
severe preeclampsia leading to early birth
>=3 abortions (<10 weeks)

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9
Q

List 3 lab characteristics for APS diagnosis

A

lupus anticoagulant
anticardiolipin
anti beta2GPI

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10
Q

DVT (__%) occurs mainly in the lower limbs leading to PE (__%), livedo reticularis (__%)

A

39
15
24

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11
Q

Thrombosis in the ____ leads to pulmonary hypertension and thrombosis of the inferior vena cava and to ___ syndrome

A

pulmonary arteries

Budd-Chiari

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12
Q

What are the 4 most common arterial thrombi in APS?___(20%), ___(14%), ___(11%), ___(10%)

A

stroke
Liebman Sacks (cardiac valve injury)
TIA
MI

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13
Q

The most common neurological symptom of APS is __ (20%)

A

migraine

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14
Q

The most common hematological signs of APS are__ (30%) and ___ (10%)

A

thrombocytopenia

AIHA

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15
Q

Treating APS after the first episode requires life long treatment of ____. INR should be kept between __-__. This could be the sole therapy or in combination with ___

A

warfarin (Coumadin)
2.5-3.5
aspirin

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16
Q

If APS patients suffer from recurrent thromboembolic events with optimal therapy- treat with ___ (400 mg/kg per day) for ___ days

A

IVIg

5

17
Q

APS patients during pregnancy should be treated with ____ + ____

A

LMWH ( clexane)

aspirin

18
Q

If the APS patient develops HIT under treatment- give factor X inhibitors (___) or ___

A
fondaparinux
rivaroxaban (Xarelto)