145 - Diphtheria and Other Corynebacterial Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Diphtheria Corynebacterial is a G(_) bacteria causing __ and __ infections. Transmission is in __. Incubation lasts - days.

A
\+
skin
nasopharynx 
aerosol
2-5
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2
Q

Diphtheria risk factors include: 5

A
old age
no vaccine 
alcoholism
low socioeconomic
crowded conditions
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3
Q

Respiratory diphtheria is caused by strains with __ gene which is the main __ factor.

A

TOX

virulent

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4
Q

Patients usually complain on __, pharyngeal/tonsillar __, and __.

A

sore throat
pseudomembrane
low grade fever

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5
Q

The pseudo membrane has - color with _ borders.

A

grey-white

sharp

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6
Q

The __ toxin may cause __ disease with the following symptoms:

A
diphtheria
systemic
weakness (neurotoxic)
cardiac arrhythmia due to myocarditis
dysphonia
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7
Q

Bull-neck=__

A

tonsillar hypertrophy due to submandibular edema

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8
Q

Consider diphtheria when the patient suffers from severe __ with __, __, or systemic disease (__/__). Another thing to look for is pharyngeal __ or extensive __.

A
pharyngitis
dysphagia
respiratory distress
myocarditis/malaise
pseudomembrane
exudate
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9
Q

Cutaneous diphtheria is usually due to __,__ or __. Typically __ lesions with __. __ should be obtained from the wound itself.

A
skin wounds/trauma
allergies
autoimmune disorders
pouched out ulcerative  
necrosis
biopsy
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10
Q

Treating diphtheria requires a combination of __ and __

A

anti-toxin

Abx

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11
Q

Diphtheria antitoxin should be given __. It reduces the extant of local disease and reduce complications such as: __, __, __. It cannot break an existing connection.

A

immediately
myocarditis
coma
death

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12
Q

The main goal of Abx in diphtheria infection is to prevent further __, and __ production

A

transmission

toxin

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13
Q

The recommended Abx for diphtheria are __/__. If the patient is sensitive, give __/__

A

penicillin/erythromycin

rifampin/clindamycin

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14
Q

What is the leading prevention tool for diphtheria?

A

diphtheria toxoid vaccine + tetanus (DTaP)

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15
Q

When DTaP is recommended for children > _

A

6

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16
Q

Tdap is recommended for: 5

A
adolescence
health-care workers 
pregnant women
adults in contact with newborn
non vaccinated adults
17
Q

Prophylaxis is recommended for people in __ with diagnosed patients. Treat with __/__ even if cultures are negative.

A

proximity

erythromycin/penicillin

18
Q

Corynebacterial ulcerans is a diphtheria like disease, producing __ and __ toxins. Found in horses, cattle, pigs, and dogs.

A

diphtheria

dermonecrotic

19
Q

Corynebacterial ulcerans may cause exudative __, usually during summer in rural areas with livestock exposure. Treat with __ (__+__) and __

A

pharyngitis
Abx
erythromycin + macrolides
antitoxin