145 - Diphtheria and Other Corynebacterial Infections Flashcards
Diphtheria Corynebacterial is a G(_) bacteria causing __ and __ infections. Transmission is in __. Incubation lasts - days.
\+ skin nasopharynx aerosol 2-5
Diphtheria risk factors include: 5
old age no vaccine alcoholism low socioeconomic crowded conditions
Respiratory diphtheria is caused by strains with __ gene which is the main __ factor.
TOX
virulent
Patients usually complain on __, pharyngeal/tonsillar __, and __.
sore throat
pseudomembrane
low grade fever
The pseudo membrane has - color with _ borders.
grey-white
sharp
The __ toxin may cause __ disease with the following symptoms:
diphtheria systemic weakness (neurotoxic) cardiac arrhythmia due to myocarditis dysphonia
Bull-neck=__
tonsillar hypertrophy due to submandibular edema
Consider diphtheria when the patient suffers from severe __ with __, __, or systemic disease (__/__). Another thing to look for is pharyngeal __ or extensive __.
pharyngitis dysphagia respiratory distress myocarditis/malaise pseudomembrane exudate
Cutaneous diphtheria is usually due to __,__ or __. Typically __ lesions with __. __ should be obtained from the wound itself.
skin wounds/trauma allergies autoimmune disorders pouched out ulcerative necrosis biopsy
Treating diphtheria requires a combination of __ and __
anti-toxin
Abx
Diphtheria antitoxin should be given __. It reduces the extant of local disease and reduce complications such as: __, __, __. It cannot break an existing connection.
immediately
myocarditis
coma
death
The main goal of Abx in diphtheria infection is to prevent further __, and __ production
transmission
toxin
The recommended Abx for diphtheria are __/__. If the patient is sensitive, give __/__
penicillin/erythromycin
rifampin/clindamycin
What is the leading prevention tool for diphtheria?
diphtheria toxoid vaccine + tetanus (DTaP)
When DTaP is recommended for children > _
6
Tdap is recommended for: 5
adolescence health-care workers pregnant women adults in contact with newborn non vaccinated adults
Prophylaxis is recommended for people in __ with diagnosed patients. Treat with __/__ even if cultures are negative.
proximity
erythromycin/penicillin
Corynebacterial ulcerans is a diphtheria like disease, producing __ and __ toxins. Found in horses, cattle, pigs, and dogs.
diphtheria
dermonecrotic
Corynebacterial ulcerans may cause exudative __, usually during summer in rural areas with livestock exposure. Treat with __ (__+__) and __
pharyngitis
Abx
erythromycin + macrolides
antitoxin
