373 - Pituitary Tumor syndromes Flashcards
The mass effect includes: (5)
- Headache
- Vision impairment
- Prolactin elevation, decrease in the other pituitary hormones
- Cranial nerves paralysis (III, IV, IV)
- CSF leakage in aggressive tumors
The pituitary gland is about ___ mm. During pregnancy it grows up to ___ mm. Small microadenomas should be followed __ a year. Macroadenomas should be ___, because they usually continue growing
8
12
once
Removed
The loss of ___ color is an early sign for pressure inflicted on the ___
Red Optic nerve (II)
The approach for pituitary tumors is ____ surgeries, beside in tumors with substantial ___ penetration
Transsphenoidal
Suprasellar
What are the S/E of transsphenoidal surgeries? (3)
- Death (1%)
- DI
- Visual impairment (10%)
Radiation is usually used for ____ therapy. >___ develop long term hormonal deficiencies due to ___ injury. two rare complications include: ___ and ___
Post surgery
Hypothalamus
Visual impairment (2%)
CVA
Pharmaceutical therapy for prolactinomas include: ____
Dopamine agonist
Pharmaceutical therapy for TSH and GH secreting hormones include: ____ and ____
Dopamine agonist
Octreotide (somatostatin)
Tumors secreting ____ do not usually respond to pharmaceutical therapy
ACTH
Clinical symptoms of hypothalamus tumors may include different metabolic signs such as: (5)
- Temperature regulation
- Tachycardia
- Paradoxical vasoconstriction
- Hunger+ obesity
- Mood disorders
What is craniopharyngioma tumor?
Cystic growth above the hypophysis (pituitary)
Craniopharyngioma tumor progresses and lead to hypophysis injury and ___. Treatment is usually with ___ and ___.
DI
Surgical
Radiation
Rathke’s cyst is a development malformation in closing the ____ leading to multiple small cysts. The pressure may lead to ___, ___ and in rare cases also ___/
Diagnosis is with ____
Rathke's pouch DI Hyperprolactinemia Hydrocephalus MRI
What is Rathke’s pouch?
An evagination at the roof of the developing mouth in front of the buccopharyngeal membrane. It gives rise to the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis).
Hypophysis tumors are the common cause for ____. Compose ___ of brain tumors
Hypophysis problems
15%
MEN1 is an ____ ____ with predisposition to develop___ of the ___, pancreatic tumors, and ___.
AD Familial syndrome hyperplasia Parathyroid Hypophysial tumors
In MEN1 there’s a mutation on chromosome ___ in the ___ gene. ___ of patients will develop ____. Other common effects include ___ and ___
11 MENIN 50% Prolactinoma Acromegaly Cushing
MEN4 is defined by ____ and ___. It is caused by a mutation on chromosome __ in the ___ gene
Hyperparathyroidism
Hypophysial adenomas
12
CDKNIB
Carney syndrome is characterized by ____, ___, and ___ including in the hypophysis testis and adrenal. The common expression is with ___
Spotted skin
Myxomas
Endocrine tumors
Acromegaly
McCaune Albright syndrome is characterized by multiple ___, ___ on the skin, and endocrine disease (___ and ____).
Bone dysplasia
Pigmentation
GH releasing tumors
Adrenal adenomas
Familial pituitary adenomas is a rare disease in which family members develop ___ or ____. It is caused by a dysfunction in ___ gene on the __ chromosme
Acromegaly
Gigantism
AIP
11
Hyperprolactinemia in women can lead to the following symptoms: (4)
- Amenorrhea
- Galactorrhea
- Infertility
- Decrease in bone density
Hyperprolactinemia in men can lead to the following symptoms: (4)
- Decreased libido
- Vision impairment
- Decreased testosterone-> impotence
- Osteopenia
How would you treat hyperprolactinemia?
Dopamine agonists (bromocriptine, cabergoline)
Missing acromegaly
Missing acromegaly
