304 - Acute Kidney Injury Flashcards
AKI can be defined by one of the following 3 criteria:
- Nitrogen retention (___ and ___ increase in the blood
- Oliguria (
BUN Cr 400 Electrolytes Acid base
AKI is responsible for ___ of the acute hospitalizations and up to 30% of admissions to the ___
5-7%
ICU
Main causes for AKI in developing countries include: (3)
Diarrhea
Infectious disease
Rhabdomyolysis
Most of the community acquired AKI are due to: (3)
Hypovolemia
Iatrogenic (drugs)
Urinary track blockage
Most nosocomial AKI are due to: (4)
Post surgery
Sepsis
Contrast fluids
Nephrotoxic drugs
Most cases of AKI are defined as pre-renal (__%), intrinsic ARF is responsible to ___% of the cases, and post renal to ___%
55%
40%
5%
Pre renal azotemia is usually due to ____
Kidney hypoplasia
Intrinsic ARF is caused by ____ disease
Kidney parenchyma
Post renal ARF is usually caused by ____
Urinary tract obstruction
Pre renal azotemia is defined by ___ or ___ levels increase due to ____ - disturbance of glomeruli filtration. It is by definition ___ once hemodynamic status return to normal. No ____ damage occur.
BUN Cr Tissue hypoplasia Reversible Parenchymal
The common causes to prerenal azotemia are: (5)
Hypovolemia
Cardiac output decrease
Iatrogenic agents leading to auto regulation disturbance (ACEi/ARB/NSAIDs)
The main causes for intrinsic AKI include ___, ___, and ___.
Ischemia
Sepsis
Nephrotoxins
In ___ of sepsis cases we might end up with ____. It increases the rate of ___
50%
Intrinsic AKI
Mortality
In Intrinsic AKI due to ___ we might find ___ and ___ in the urine
Sepsis
Tubular debris
Casts
Normal kidneys receive ___ of the CO and consume ___ of the oxygen while at rest.
20%
10%
Vascular disease may lead to renal ischemia. We can divide them into small vessels (5) and large vessels.
APLA TTP/HUS Radiation nephritis Scleroderma Cholesterol emboly
Vascular disease may lead to renal ischemia. We can divide them into small vessels, and large vessels (4)
Renal artery dissection
Emboly
Thrombi
Renal vein pressure