379 - Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex Flashcards
The adrenal cortex synthesize ___ from ___ with ___
Steroids
Cholesterol
ACTH
Glucocorticoids (___) and mineralocorticoids (___) act through specific basilar receptors, while precursors for ___ are synthesize in the ___ gland, and from there reach the gonads and are activated through receptors for ___ and ____
Cortisone Aldosterone Androgens Adrenal Androgens Estrogens
The blood supply for the adrenal gland is from the outside inwards:___ -> ___ -> ___ -> ____. The drainage is to the ____ and ___ (respectively).
Glomerulosa Fasciculata Reticulosis Medulla IVC Left renal vein
The origin of the adrenal gland is the ___, separately from the gonads and kidneys on the ___ week of gestation.
Urogenital ridge
6th
What is the main glucocorticoid hormone?
Cortisol
What are the main functions of glucocorticoids? (2)
Metabolism regulation
and
Immune response
What does HPA stands for?
Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis
CRH (___) is released from the ___ under stress, leading the ___ secretion which turns into ___ in the hypophysis. It is released to the blood and when reaching the adrenal gland it leads to the secretion of ___
Corticotropin-releasing hormone Hypothalamus POMC (Pro-opiomelanocortin) ACTH Cortisol
There is a shift from inactive ____ to its active form ___ by different isoforms of the ___ enzyme. When mutated we can see ___ signs.
Cortisone
Cortisol
HSD11
Cushing
HDS11 type _ works in ___
1
Peripheral cells
Cortisone
Cortisol
HDS11 type _ turns ___ to ____
2
Cortisol
Cortisone
Cortisol is secreted at peak levels during the ___ and low levels during the ___
Morning
Evening
Cortisol has the opposite function of ____, increasing the production of ___
Insulin
Glucose
Cortisol deficiency during ___ can lead to ___, ___, and even ___.
Stress
Hypotension
Shock
Death
Mineralocorticoids are in charge of ____.
BP and electrolytes balance
